Species of eucalypts are commonly cultivated for solid wood and pulp products. The expansion of commercially managed eucalypt plantations has chiefly been driven by their rapid growth and suitability for propagation across a very wide variety of sites and climatic conditions. Infection of foliar fungal pathogens of eucalypts is resulting in increasingly negative impacts on commercial forest industries globally. To assist in evaluating this threat, the present study provides a global perspective on foliar pathogens of eucalypts. We treat 110 different genera including species associated with foliar disease symptoms of these hosts. The vast majority of these fungi have been grown in axenic culture, and subjected to DNA sequence analysis, resolving their phylogeny. During the course of this study several new genera and species were encountered, and these are described. New genera include: Lembosiniella (L. eucalyptorum on E. dunnii, Australia), Neosonderhenia (N. eucalypti on E. costata, Australia), Neothyriopsis (N. sphaerospora on E. camaldulensis, South Africa), Neotrichosphaeria (N. eucalypticola on E. deglupta, Australia), Nothotrimmatostroma (N. bifarium on E. dalrympleana, Australia), Nowamyces (incl. Nowamycetaceae fam. nov., N. globulus on E. globulus, Australia), and Walkaminomyces (W. medusae on E. alba, Australia). New species include (all from Australia): Disculoides fraxinoides on E. fraxinoides, Elsinoe piperitae on E. piperita, Fusculina regnans on E. regnans, Marthamyces johnstonii on E. dunnii, Neofusicoccum corticosae on E. corticosa, Neotrimmatostroma dalrympleanae on E. dalrympleana, Nowamyces piperitae on E. piperita, Phaeothyriolum dunnii on E. dunnii, Pseudophloeospora eucalyptigena on E. obliqua, Pseudophloeospora jollyi on Eucalyptus sp., Quambalaria tasmaniae on Eucalyptus sp., Q. rugosae on E. rugosa, Sonderhenia radiata on E. radiata, Teratosphaeria pseudonubilosa on E. globulus and Thyrinula dunnii on E. dunnii. A new name is also proposed for Heteroconium eucalypti as Thyrinula uruguayensis on E. dunnii, Uruguay. Although many of these genera and species are commonly associated with disease problems, several appear to be opportunists developing on stressed or dying tissues. For the majority of these fungi, pathogenicity remains to be determined. This represents an important goal for forest pathologists and biologists in the future. Consequently, this study will promote renewed interest in foliar pathogens of eucalypts, leading to investigations that will provide an improved understanding of the biology of these fungi.

桉树品种通常用于生产实木和纸浆产品。商业管理的桉树种植园的扩张主要是由于其快速生长和适合在各种地点和气候条件下繁殖的能力。桉树叶部真菌病原体的感染对全球商业林业造成越来越大的负面影响。为了帮助评估这种威胁，本研究提供了桉树叶病原体的全球视角。我们治疗 110 个不同属，包括与这些宿主的叶部疾病症状相关的物种。这些真菌中的绝大多数都在无菌培养物中生长，并进行了 DNA 序列分析，解析了它们的系统发育。在这项研究过程中，遇到了一些新的属和种，并对它们进行了描述。新属包括：Lembosiniella（澳大利亚E. dunnii上的L. eucalyptorum ）、 Neosonderhenia（澳大利亚E. costata上的N. eucalypti ）、 Neothyriopsis（南非E. camaldulensis上的N. sphaerospora ）、 Neotrichosphaeria（南非 E. camaldulensis 上的N. eucalypticola）E. deglupta，澳大利亚）、Nothotrimmatostroma（N. bifarium，E. dalrympleana，澳大利亚）、Nowamyces（包括Nowamycetaceae fam. nov . 、N. globulus，E. globulus，澳大利亚）和Walkaminomyces（W. medusae ， E . dalrympleana）。澳大利亚阿尔巴）。新物种包括（均来自澳大利亚）： E. fraxinoides上的Disculoides fraxinoides、E. piperita 上的 Elsinoe Piperitae、E. regnans上的Fusculina regnans、 E. dunnii上的Marthamyces johnstonii、E. corticosa上的Neofusicoccum corticosae、 E. dalrympleana上的Neotrimmatostroma dalrympleanae , Nowamyces piperitae在E. piperita上, Phaeothyriolum dunnii在E. dunnii上, Pseudophloeospora eucalyptigena在E. obliqua上, Pseudophloeospora jollyi在Eucalyptus sp. 上, Quambalaria tasmaniae在E. rugosa上, Q. rugosae在E. rugosa上, Sonderhenia radiata在E. radiata、Teratosphaeria fakenubilosa上的E. globulus和Thyrinula dunnii上的E. dunnii。乌拉圭的E. dunnii上的异孢子虫也被提议将其命名为Thyrinula uruguayensis。尽管这些属和物种中的许多属和物种通常与疾病问题有关，但有一些似乎是在受压或濒临死亡的组织上发育的机会主义者。对于大多数这些真菌，致病性仍有待确定。这代表了森林病理学家和生物学家未来的一个重要目标。因此，这项研究将促进人们对桉树叶病原体的新兴趣，从而进行研究以更好地了解这些真菌的生物学。