A central aim of research in the psychological and decision sciences is to establish interventions that enhance performance, investigating the efficacy of modern approaches to improve human inference and decision-making. Whereas the decision sciences have established interventions to reduce decision biases by promoting strategies for critical thought and reasoning, methods from psychology have instead focused on enhancing cognition through skill-based training of executive functions. Contemporary research in psychology has engaged these operations through multi-modal interventions designed to enhance cognition and physical health through training of executive functions, mindfulness meditation, and physical fitness. Despite the comparable aims of research in the psychological and decision sciences, the efficacy of multi-modal interventions to enhance decision-making remain to be established. We therefore conducted a comprehensive, 16-week, randomized controlled trial (RCT) to investigate this issue, enrolling 160 healthy adults in one of four interventions: (1) high-intensity cardioresistance fitness training (HICRT); (2) HICRT and cognitive training of core executive functions; (3) HICRT and cognitive training, along with mindfulness meditation training; or (4) active control training. The results of our RCT demonstrate that HICRT training and multi-modal interventions that also incorporate cognitive training and mindfulness meditation have beneficial effects on decision-making competence. The observed pattern of findings motivate the application of modern interventions from psychology and cognitive neuroscience to enhance human judgment and decision-making in complex, real-world environments.

中文翻译：

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通过多模式培训增强决策能力。

心理学和决策科学研究的一个中心目标是建立提高绩效的干预措施，研究现代方法改善人类推理和决策的有效性。尽管决策科学已经建立了通过促进批判性思维和推理策略来减少决策偏差的干预措施，但心理学的方法却侧重于通过基于技能的执行功能培训来增强认知。当代心理学研究通过多模式干预来参与这些操作，旨在通过执行功能、正念冥想和身体健康的训练来增强认知和身体健康。尽管心理学和决策科学的研究目标相似，但多模式干预措施在增强决策方面的功效仍有待确定。因此，我们进行了一项为期 16 周的全面随机对照试验 (RCT) 来调查这个问题，招募了 160 名健康成年人，参与四种干预措施之一：(1) 高强度有氧健身训练 (HICRT)；(2) HICRT和核心执行功能的认知训练；(3) HICRT和认知训练，以及正念冥想训练；(4)主动控制训练。我们的随机对照试验结果表明，HICRT 训练和多模式干预（同时结合认知训练和正念冥想）对决策能力具有有益影响。观察到的发现模式激发了心理学和认知神经科学现代干预措施的应用，以增强人类在复杂的现实环境中的判断和决策。