Linking epigenetics and biological conservation: Toward a conservation epigenetics perspective,Functional Ecology

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Linking epigenetics and biological conservation: Toward a conservation epigenetics perspective
Functional Ecology ( IF 4.6 ) Pub Date : 2019-08-22 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13429
Olivier Rey ₁ , Christophe Eizaguirre ₂ , Bernard Angers ₃ , Miguel Baltazar‐Soares ₄ , Kostas Sagonas ₂ , Jérôme G. Prunier ₅ , Simon Blanchet _{5,

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Affiliation

1. Biodiversity conservation is a global issue where the challenge is to integrate all levels of biodiversity to ensure the long-term evolutionary potential and resilience of biological systems. Genetic approaches have largely contributed to conservation biology by defining "conservation entities" accounting for their evolutionary history and adaptive potential, the so-called evolutionary significant units (ESUs). Yet, these approaches only loosely integrate the short-term ecological history of organisms. 2. Here, we argue that epigenetic variation, and more particularly DNA methylation, represents a molecular component of biodiversity that directly links the genome to the environment. As such, it provides the required information on the ecological background of organisms for an integrative field of conservation biology. 3. We synthesize knowledge about the importance of epigenetic mechanisms in (a) orchestrating fundamental development alternatives in organisms, (b) enabling individuals to respond in real-time to selection pressures and (c) improving ecosystem stability and functioning. 4. Using practical examples in conservation biology, we illustrate the relevance of DNA methylation (a) as biomarkers of past and present environmental stress events as well as biomarkers of physiological conditions of individuals; (b) for documenting the ecological structuring/clustering of wild populations and hence for better integrating ecology into ESUs; (c) for improving conservation transloca-tions; and (d) for studying landscape functional connectivity. 5. We conclude that an epigenetic conservation perspective will provide environmental managers the possibility to refine ESUs, to set conservation plans taking into account the capacity of organisms to rapidly cope with environmental changes, and hence to improve the conservation of wild populations. K E Y W O R D S conservation, DNA methylation, ecological timescales, epigenetic, evolutionary significant units

中文翻译：

连接表观遗传学和生物保护：走向保护表观遗传学视角

1. 生物多样性保护是一个全球性问题，面临的挑战是整合生物多样性的各个层面，以确保生物系统的长期进化潜力和复原力。遗传方法通过定义“保护实体”来解释它们的进化历史和适应潜力，即所谓的进化重要单位 (ESU)，在很大程度上为保护生物学做出了贡献。然而，这些方法只是松散地整合了生物的短期生态历史。2. 在这里，我们认为表观遗传变异，尤其是 DNA 甲基化，代表了生物多样性的一个分子组成部分，它直接将基因组与环境联系起来。因此，它为保护生物学的综合领域提供了有关生物体生态背景的必要信息。3. 我们综合了有关表观遗传机制在 (a) 协调生物体的基本发展替代方案，(b) 使个体能够实时应对选择压力和 (c) 改善生态系统稳定性和功能的重要性的知识。4. 使用保护生物学中的实际例子，我们说明了 DNA 甲基化 (a) 作为过去和现在环境压力事件的生物标志物以及个体生理状况的生物标志物的相关性；(b) 记录野生种群的生态结构/集群，从而更好地将生态学融入 ESU；(c) 改善保护易地；(d) 用于研究景观功能连通性。5. 我们得出的结论是，表观遗传保护的观点将为环境管理者提供改进 ESU、制定保护计划的可能性，同时考虑到生物体快速应对环境变化的能力，从而改善野生种群的保护。关键词保护，DNA 甲基化，生态时间尺度，表观遗传，进化重要单位

更新日期：2019-08-22

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