Extracellular matrix (ECM) derived components are emerging sources for the engineering of biomaterials that are capable of inducing desirable cell-specific responses. This review explores the use of biomaterials derived from naturally occurring ECM proteins and their derivatives in approaches that aim to regulate cell function. Biomaterials addressed are grouped into six categories: purified single ECM proteins, combinations of purified ECM proteins, cell-derived ECM, tissue-derived ECM, diseased and modified ECM, and ECM-polymer coupled biomaterials. Purified ECM proteins serve as a material coating for enhanced cell adhesion and biocompatibility. Cell-derived and tissue-derived ECM, generated by cell isolation and decellularization technologies, can capture the native state of the ECM environment and guide cell migration and alignment patterns as well as stem cell differentiation. We focus primarily on recent advances in the fields of soft tissue, cardiac, and dermal repair, and explore the utilization of ECM proteins as biomaterials to engineer cell responses.

细胞外基质 (ECM) 衍生成分是生物材料工程的新兴来源，能够诱导所需的细胞特异性反应。这篇综述探讨了源自天然 ECM 蛋白及其衍生物的生物材料在旨在调节细胞功能的方法中的使用。所涉及的生物材料分为六类：纯化的单一 ECM 蛋白、纯化的 ECM 蛋白的组合、细胞源性 ECM、组织源性 ECM、患病和修饰的 ECM 以及 ECM-聚合物偶联生物材料。纯化的 ECM 蛋白可作为增强细胞粘附和生物相容性的材料涂层。通过细胞分离和去细胞化技术产生的细胞源性和组织源性 ECM 可以捕获 ECM 环境的天然状态，并指导细胞迁​​移和排列模式以及干细胞分化。我们主要关注软组织、心脏和皮肤修复领域的最新进展，并探索利用 ECM 蛋白作为生物材料来设计细胞反应。