Neutrino geophysics, the study of the Earth's interior by measuring the fluxes of geologically produced neutrino at its surface, is a new interdisciplinary field of science, rapidly developing as a synergy between geology, geophysics and particle physics. Geoneutrinos, antineutrinos from long-lived natural isotopes responsible for the radiogenic heat flux, provide valuable information for the chemical composition models of the Earth. The calculations of the expected geoneutrino signal are discussed, together with experimental aspects of geoneutrino detection, including the description of possible backgrounds and methods for their suppression. At present, only two detectors, Borexino and KamLAND, have reached sensitivity to the geoneutrino. The experiments accumulated a set of $\sim$190 geoneutrino events and continue the data acquisition. The detailed description of the experiments, their results on geoneutrino detection, and impact on geophysics are presented. The start of operation of other detectors sensitive to geoneutrinos is planned for the near future: the SNO+ detector is being filled with liquid scintillator, and the biggest ever 20 kt JUNO detector is under construction. A review of the physics potential of these experiments with respect to the geoneutrino studies, along with other proposals, is presented. New ideas and methods for geoneutrino detection are reviewed.

中文翻译：

---

地中微子检测的实验方面：现状和前景

中微子地球物理学是通过测量地球表面地质产生的中微子通量来研究地球内部的学科，是一个新的跨学科科学领域，作为地质学、地球物理学和粒子物理学之间的协同作用而迅速发展。地中微子，来自负责放射性热通量的长寿命天然同位素的反中微子，为地球的化学成分模型提供了有价值的信息。讨论了预期的地中微子信号的计算，以及地中微子检测的实验方面，包括可能的背景描述和抑制方法。目前，只有 Borexino 和 KamLAND 两个探测器达到了对地中微子的灵敏度。实验积累了一组 $\sim$190 地中微子事件并继续数据采集。提供了实验的详细描述、它们对地中微子探测的结果以及对地球物理学的影响。其他对地中微子敏感的探测器计划在不久的将来开始运行：SNO+ 探测器正在装满液体闪烁体，有史以来最大的 20 kt JUNO 探测器正在建设中。介绍了这些实验在地中微子研究方面的物理潜力以及其他建议。回顾了地中微子检测的新思想和新方法。有史以来最大的 20 kt JUNO 探测器正在建造中。介绍了这些实验在地中微子研究方面的物理潜力以及其他建议。回顾了地中微子检测的新思想和新方法。有史以来最大的 20 kt JUNO 探测器正在建造中。介绍了这些实验在地中微子研究方面的物理潜力以及其他建议。回顾了地中微子检测的新思想和新方法。