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Effect of Harvesting Time on Volatile Compounds Composition of Bergamot (Citrus × Bergamia) Essential Oil
Flavour and Fragrance Journal ( IF 2.1 ) Pub Date : 2019-08-01 , DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3520 Silvia Marzocchi 1 , Elena Baldi 1 , Maria Cristina Crucitti 1 , Moreno Toselli 1 , Maria Fiorenza Caboni 1
Flavour and Fragrance Journal ( IF 2.1 ) Pub Date : 2019-08-01 , DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3520 Silvia Marzocchi 1 , Elena Baldi 1 , Maria Cristina Crucitti 1 , Moreno Toselli 1 , Maria Fiorenza Caboni 1
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Bergamot (Citrus × bergamia) is mainly cultivated in Calabria area (Italy) for its essential oil that is widely used in cosmetics, food and medicine. The harvest season (November to February) affects the quality of essential oil, consequently the aim of our study was to evaluate the composition of volatile fractions at different harvesting stages. Two different cultivars, Femminello and Fantastico, were collected in November, December and January and their volatile compounds composition was determined by SPME GC/MS. Fourty‐two compounds were identified. Monoterpenes were the preponderant group; limonene was the most representative compound with similar concentrations in the varieties and at the three harvesting times. β‐Ocimene, β‐mircene and α‐terpinene showed higher concentration in Femminello than Fantastico, while trans‐α‐bergamotene, α‐pinene and citronellal were mostly concentrated in Fantastico. The concentration of β‐pinene in Fantastico and Femminello was higher in December and January, respectively, and γ‐terpinene concentration was higher in Femminello in November and January and in Fantastico in December. Linalool was the most preponderant monoterpene alcohol with a significantly higher concentration in Femminello than in Fantastico, but without significant differences during ripening. cis‐γ‐Bisabolene was the most preponderant sesquiterpene; it was more concentrated in Fantastico than in Femminello and showed a significantly higher concentration in December and January than in November. Linalyl and neryl acetate were the most abundant esters, with a significantly higher concentration in Fantastico. Fantastico seems to be the variety that produces higher volatile organic compounds in essential oil; moreover, the volatile compound concentration was higher at the second and third harvest time.
中文翻译：
采收时间对佛手柑挥发油成分的影响
佛手柑（柑橘×佛手柑）主要由于其精油在卡拉布里亚地区（意大利）种植，其精油广泛用于化妆品，食品和药品。收获季节（11月至2月）影响精油的质量，因此，我们的研究目的是评估不同收获阶段的挥发分组成。分别在11月，12月和1月收集了两个不同的品种，Femminello和Fantastico，并通过SPME GC / MS测定了它们的挥发性化合物组成。鉴定出四十二种化合物。单萜类是最主要的组。柠檬烯是最具代表性的化合物，在三个品种的收割期中，其浓度均相似。Femminello中的β-二十碳烯，β-二茂铁和α-萜品烯的浓度高于Fantastico，而反式α-佛手柑，α-pine烯和香茅醛大部分集中在Fantastico。分别在12月和1月的Fantastico和Femminello中的β-January烯浓度较高，在11月和1月的Femminello和12月的Fantastico中γ-松油烯的浓度较高。芳樟醇是最主要的单萜醇，在Femminello中的浓度明显高于Fantastico，但在成熟过程中没有显着差异。顺式γ-异丁烯四烯是倍半萜烯中最主要的; 它在Fantastico的浓度比在Femminello的浓度高，并且在12月和1月的浓度明显高于11月。芳樟基和乙酸神经酯是最丰富的酯，在Fantastico中的浓度明显更高。Fantastico似乎是在精油中产生较高挥发性有机化合物的品种。此外，在第二和第三收获时间，挥发性化合物的浓度较高。
更新日期：2019-08-01
中文翻译：
采收时间对佛手柑挥发油成分的影响
佛手柑（柑橘×佛手柑）主要由于其精油在卡拉布里亚地区（意大利）种植，其精油广泛用于化妆品，食品和药品。收获季节（11月至2月）影响精油的质量，因此，我们的研究目的是评估不同收获阶段的挥发分组成。分别在11月，12月和1月收集了两个不同的品种，Femminello和Fantastico，并通过SPME GC / MS测定了它们的挥发性化合物组成。鉴定出四十二种化合物。单萜类是最主要的组。柠檬烯是最具代表性的化合物，在三个品种的收割期中，其浓度均相似。Femminello中的β-二十碳烯，β-二茂铁和α-萜品烯的浓度高于Fantastico，而反式α-佛手柑，α-pine烯和香茅醛大部分集中在Fantastico。分别在12月和1月的Fantastico和Femminello中的β-January烯浓度较高，在11月和1月的Femminello和12月的Fantastico中γ-松油烯的浓度较高。芳樟醇是最主要的单萜醇，在Femminello中的浓度明显高于Fantastico，但在成熟过程中没有显着差异。顺式γ-异丁烯四烯是倍半萜烯中最主要的; 它在Fantastico的浓度比在Femminello的浓度高，并且在12月和1月的浓度明显高于11月。芳樟基和乙酸神经酯是最丰富的酯，在Fantastico中的浓度明显更高。Fantastico似乎是在精油中产生较高挥发性有机化合物的品种。此外，在第二和第三收获时间，挥发性化合物的浓度较高。
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