Resilience is still often viewed as a unitary personality construct that, as a kind of antinosological entity, protects individuals against stress-related mental problems. However, increasing evidence indicates that maintaining mental health in the face of adversity results from complex and dynamic processes of adaptation to stressors that involve the activation of several separable protective factors. Such resilience factors can reside at biological, psychological, and social levels and may include stable predispositions (such as genotype or personality traits) and malleable properties, skills, capacities, or external circumstances (such as gene-expression patterns, emotion-regulation abilities, appraisal styles, or social support). We abandon the notion of resilience as an entity here. Starting from a conceptualization of psychiatric disorders as dynamic networks of interacting symptoms that may be driven by stressors into stable maladaptive states of disease, we deconstruct the maintenance of mental health during stressor exposure into time-variant dampening influences of resilience factors onto these symptom networks. Resilience factors are separate additional network nodes that weaken symptom-symptom interconnections or symptom autoconnections, thereby preventing maladaptive system transitions. We argue that these hybrid symptom-and-resilience-factor networks provide a promising new way of unraveling the complex dynamics of mental health.

中文翻译：

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解构和重建弹性：动态网络方法。

复原力仍然经常被视为一种单一的人格结构，作为一种抗精神病学实体，可以保护个人免受与压力相关的心理问题。然而，越来越多的证据表明，在逆境中保持心理健康是复杂而动态的适应压力源的过程，其中涉及激活几个可分离的保护因素。这些复原力因素可以存在于生物学、心理和社会层面，可能包括稳定的倾向（如基因型或人格特征）和可塑性特性、技能、能力或外部环境（如基因表达模式、情绪调节能力、评估方式或社会支持）。我们在这里放弃将弹性作为一个实体的概念。从将精神疾病概念化为可能由压力源驱动到疾病的稳定适应不良状态的相互作用症状的动态网络开始，我们将压力源暴露期间心理健康的维持解构为弹性因素对这些症状网络的时变抑制影响。弹性因素是独立的附加网络节点，它们削弱症状-症状互连或症状自动连接，从而防止适应不良的系统转换。我们认为，这些混合的症状和恢复力因素网络提供了一种有前途的新方法来揭示心理健康的复杂动态。我们将压力源暴露期间心理健康的维持解构为弹性因素对这些症状网络的时变抑制影响。弹性因素是独立的附加网络节点，它们削弱症状-症状互连或症状自动连接，从而防止适应不良的系统转换。我们认为，这些混合的症状和恢复力因素网络提供了一种有前途的新方法来揭示心理健康的复杂动态。我们将压力源暴露期间心理健康的维持解构为弹性因素对这些症状网络的时变抑制影响。弹性因素是独立的附加网络节点，它们削弱症状-症状互连或症状自动连接，从而防止适应不良的系统转换。我们认为，这些混合的症状和恢复力因素网络提供了一种有前途的新方法来揭示心理健康的复杂动态。