Mindfulness is defined as bringing one’s attention to present-moment experience with acceptance, and is associated with engagement in various health behaviours. To synthesise and evaluate this literature, we conducted a comprehensive meta-analytic review and examined (a) the associations between trait mindfulness and health behaviours and (b) the extent to which these associations were moderated by study and individual differences. A total of 125 independent samples were included (N = 31,697, median male percentage = 38.8%, median age = 28.3). A multilevel random-effects model was used to estimate summary study-level effect sizes, and multilevel mixed-effects models were used to examine moderator effects. Mindfulness had a positive and small association with aggregated health behaviours (r = .08). Mindfulness was positively associated with physical activity, healthy eating, and sleep (rs = .08–.14), and negatively associated with alcohol use (r = −.06). Effects were larger for health promoting behaviours, the acting with awareness facet of mindfulness, and samples involving psychiatric patients. Although findings indicate that individual differences in trait mindfulness do not reliably translate into a pattern of healthful behaviours in general, trait mindfulness shows a stronger associations with health behaviours under certain conditions.

正念定义为将注意力转移到当下的经历上，并与参与各种健康行为相关联。为了综合和评估这些文献，我们进行了全面的荟萃分析，并审查了（a）性格正念与健康行为之间的关联，以及（b）通过研究和个体差异对这些关联的调节程度。总共包括125个独立样本（N =  31,697 ，男性中位数百分比= 38.8％，年龄中位数= 28.3）。多级随机效应模型用于估计汇总研究水平的效应量，多级混合效应模型用于检验主持人效应。正念与总体健康行为呈正相关（r =  .08）。正念与体育锻炼，健康饮食和睡眠呈正相关（rs =。08–.14 ），与饮酒呈负相关（r = −.06）。对于促进健康的行为，具有正念意识的行为以及涉及精神病患者的样本的影响更大。尽管研究结果表明，特质正念的个体差异通常不能可靠地转化为健康行为的模式，但特质正念在某些条件下显示出与健康行为的更强关联。