Melanoma is increasing in incidence at a rate that exceeds that of all other malignancies.¹ In 2019, in the United States, it is estimated that 96,480 new cases of melanoma will be diagnosed and 7230 will die as a result of this disease.¹ The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) divides cutaneous melanoma into four stages.² Stage I melanoma has the best prognosis with surgical treatment alone and a 10-year survival rate of about 94–98%.² The 5-year post-surgical relapse rate in patients with stages IIA, IIB, and IIC ranges from over 20% to over 50%, whereas for patients with stage III melanoma and clinically detectable regional lymph nodes with or without in-transit metastases, the reported 5-year relapse rate is 68–89%.^3–5

中文翻译：

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局部/区域晚期黑色素瘤的新辅助治疗

黑色素瘤的发病率正在以超过所有其他恶性肿瘤的速度增加。¹ 2019 年，美国预计将诊断出 96,480 例新的黑色素瘤病例，7,230 人将死于该疾病。¹美国癌症联合委员会 (AJCC) 将皮肤黑色素瘤分为四个阶段。² I 期黑色素瘤仅采用手术治疗的预后最好，10 年生存率约为 94-98%。² IIA、IIB 和 IIC 期患者的术后 5 年复发率范围为 20% 以上至 50% 以上，而 III 期黑色素瘤患者以及临床上可检测到的区域淋巴结伴或不伴转移转移的患者，据报道 5 年复发率为 68-89%。^3–5