The contemporary approach to the management of a cancer patient requires an “ab initio” involvement of different medical domains in order to correctly design an individual patient's pathway toward cure. With new therapeutic tools in every medical field developing faster than ever before the patient care outcomes can be achieved if all surgical, drug, and radiation options are considered in the design of the appropriate therapeutic strategy for a given patient.

Radiation therapy (RT) is a clinical discipline in which experts from different fields continuously interact in order to manage the multistep process of the radiation treatment. RT is found to be an appropriate intervention for diverse indications in about 50% of cancer patients during the course of their disease. Technologies are essential in dealing with the complexity of RT treatments and for driving the increasingly sophisticated RT approaches becoming available for the treatment of Cancer. High conformal techniques, namely intensity modulated or volumetric modulated arc techniques, ablative techniques (Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Stereotactic Radiosurgery), particle therapy (proton or carbon ion therapy) allow for success in treating irregularly shaped or critically located targets and for the sharpness of the dose fall-off outside the target. The advanced on-board imaging, including real-time position management systems, makes possible image-guided radiation treatment that results in substantial margin reduction and, in select cases, implementation of an adaptive approach. The therapeutic gains of modern RT are also due in part to the enhanced anticancer activity obtained by coadministering RT with chemotherapy, targeted molecules, and currently immune checkpoints inhibitors. These main clinically relevant steps forward in Radiation Oncology represent a change of gear in the field that may have a profound impact on the management of cancer patients.

当代治疗癌症患者的方法需要“从头开始”涉及不同的医学领域，以便正确设计个体患者的治愈途径。如果在针对给定患者的适当治疗策略的设计中考虑了所有手术，药物和放射治疗方案，那么在每个医学领域中，随着新的治疗工具的发展比以往任何时候都快，可以实现患者护理结果。

放射治疗（RT）是一门临床学科，来自不同领域的专家不断进行互动，以管理放射治疗的多步骤过程。在大约50％的癌症患者的病程中，RT被认为是多种适应症的合适干预措施。技术对于应对RT治疗的复杂性以及推动越来越复杂的RT方法可用于治疗癌症至关重要。高保形技术，即强度调制或体积调制电弧技术，烧蚀技术（立体定向放射疗法和立体定向放射外科手术），粒子疗法（质子或碳离子疗法）可成功治疗形状不规则或位置严格的目标，并能使目标外的剂量下降更为尖锐。先进的车载成像系统（包括实时位置管理系统）使图像引导的放射治疗成为可能，从而大大减少了边距，并在某些情况下采用了自适应方法。现代逆转录病毒疗法的治疗收益也部分归因于通过将逆转录病毒疗法与化学疗法，靶向分子和目前的免疫检查点抑制剂共同给药而获得的增强的抗癌活性。放射肿瘤学中这些主要的临床相关临床步骤代表了该领域的变化，这可能会对癌症患者的治疗产生深远影响。包括实时位置管理系统在内的图像引导放射治疗，可显着减少边距，在某些情况下，还可以采用自适应方法。现代逆转录病毒疗法的治疗收益也部分归因于通过将逆转录病毒疗法与化学疗法，靶向分子和目前的免疫检查点抑制剂共同给药而获得的增强的抗癌活性。放射肿瘤学中这些主要的临床相关临床步骤代表了该领域的变化，这可能会对癌症患者的治疗产生深远影响。包括实时位置管理系统在内的图像引导放射治疗，可显着减少边距，在某些情况下，还可以采用自适应方法。现代逆转录病毒疗法的治疗收益也部分归因于通过将逆转录病毒疗法与化学疗法，靶向分子和目前的免疫检查点抑制剂共同给药而获得的增强的抗癌活性。放射肿瘤学中这些主要的临床相关临床步骤代表了该领域的变化，这可能会对癌症患者的治疗产生深远影响。现代逆转录病毒疗法的治疗收益也部分归因于通过将逆转录病毒疗法与化学疗法，靶向分子和目前的免疫检查点抑制剂共同给药而获得的增强的抗癌活性。放射肿瘤学中这些主要的临床相关临床步骤代表了该领域的变化，这可能会对癌症患者的治疗产生深远影响。现代逆转录病毒疗法的治疗收益也部分归因于通过将逆转录病毒疗法与化学疗法，靶向分子和目前的免疫检查点抑制剂共同给药而获得的增强的抗癌活性。放射肿瘤学中这些主要的临床相关临床步骤代表了该领域的变化，这可能会对癌症患者的治疗产生深远影响。