Due to an emphasis on patient safety and recognition of the effectiveness of simulation as an educational modality across multiple medical specialties, use of healthcare simulation (HCS) for medical education has become more prevalent in recent years. In this manuscript, the effectiveness of simulation for areas important to the practice of critical care is reviewed. We examine the evidence base related to domains of procedural mastery, development of communication skills and interprofessional team performance, with specific examples from the literature in which simulation has been used successfully in these domains in critical care training. We also review the data assessing the value of simulation in other areas highly relevant to critical care practice, including assessment of performance, integration of HCS in decision science and critical care quality improvement, with attention to the areas of system support and high-risk, low-volume events in contemporary healthcare systems. When possible, we report data evaluating effectiveness of HCS in critical care training based on high level learning outcomes resulting from the training, rather than lower level outcomes such as learner confidence or post-test score immediately after training. Finally, obstacles to implementation of HCS such as cost and logistics are examined and current and future strategies to evaluate best use of simulation in critical care training are discussed.

中文翻译：

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重症监护病房重症医学模拟培训的当代回顾

由于对患者安全的重视以及对模拟作为跨多个医学专业的教育方式的有效性的认可，近年来医疗保健模拟（HCS）在医学教育中的使用变得越来越普遍。在本手稿中，回顾了对重症监护实践重要领域的模拟有效性。我们研究了与程序掌握、沟通技能发展和跨专业团队绩效等领域相关的证据基础，并提供了文献中的具体示例，其中模拟已成功应用于重症监护培训的这些领域。我们还审查了评估模拟在与重症监护实践高度相关的其他领域的价值的数据，包括绩效评估、HCS 与决策科学的整合以及重症监护质量的改进，同时关注系统支持和高风险领域，当代医疗保健系统中的小批量事件。如果可能，我们会根据培训产生的高水平学习成果，而不是培训后立即产生的较低水平成果（例如学习者信心或测试后分数）来报告评估 HCS 在重症监护培训中的有效性的数据。最后，研究了实施 HCS 的障碍，例如成本和物流，并讨论了当前和未来评估重症监护培训中模拟最佳使用的策略。