2D nanomaterials with unique nanosheet structures, large surface areas, and extraordinary physicochemical properties have attracted tremendous interest. In the area of nanomedicine, research on graphene and its derivatives for diverse biomedical applications began as early as 2008. Since then, many other types of 2D nanomaterials, including transition metal dichalcogenides, transition metal carbides, nitrides and carbonitrides, black phosphorus nanosheets, layered double hydroxides, and metal–organic framework nanosheets, have been explored in the area of nanomedicine over the past decade. In particular, a large surface area makes 2D nanomaterials highly efficient drug delivery nanoplatforms. The unique optical and/or X‐ray attenuation properties of 2D nanomaterials can be harnessed for phototherapy or radiotherapy of cancer. Furthermore, by integrating 2D nanomaterials with other functional nanoparticles or utilizing their inherent physical properties, 2D nanomaterials may also be engineered as nanoprobes for multimodal imaging of tumors. 2D nanomaterials have shown substantial potential for cancer theranostics. Herein, the latest progress in the development of 2D nanomaterials for cancer theranostic applications is summarized. Current challenges and future perspectives of 2D nanomaterials applied in nanomedicine are also discussed.

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用于癌症治疗学应用的2D纳米材料

具有独特的纳米片结构，大表面积和非凡的理化性质的2D纳米材料引起了人们的极大兴趣。在纳米医学领域，石墨烯及其衍生物用于各种生物医学应用的研究始于2008年。此后，许多其他类型的2D纳米材料，包括过渡金属二卤化物，过渡金属碳化物，氮化物和碳氮化物，黑磷纳米片层状在过去的十年中，已经在纳米药物领域探索了双氢氧化物和金属有机框架纳米片。特别是，较大的表面积使2D纳米材料成为高效的药物输送纳米平台。二维纳米材料独特的光学和/或X射线衰减特性可用于癌症的光疗或放射疗法。此外，通过将2D纳米材料与其他功能纳米颗粒集成在一起或利用其固有的物理特性，也可以将2D纳米材料工程化为纳米探针，用于肿瘤的多峰成像。2D纳米材料已显示出用于癌症治疗学的巨大潜力。在此，总结了用于癌症治疗的2D纳米材料开发的最新进展。还讨论了应用于纳米医学的二维纳米材料的当前挑战和未来前景。总结了用于癌症治疗的2D纳米材料开发的最新进展。还讨论了应用于纳米医学的二维纳米材料的当前挑战和未来前景。总结了用于癌症治疗的2D纳米材料开发的最新进展。还讨论了应用于纳米医学的二维纳米材料的当前挑战和未来前景。