No Alterations of Brain Structural Asymmetry in Major Depressive Disorder: An ENIGMA Consortium Analysis,American Journal of Psychiatry

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No Alterations of Brain Structural Asymmetry in Major Depressive Disorder: An ENIGMA Consortium Analysis
American Journal of Psychiatry ( IF 15.1 ) Pub Date : 2019-07-29 , DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.18101144
Carolien G F de Kovel ₁ , Lyubomir Aftanas ₁ , André Aleman ₁ , Aaron F Alexander-Bloch ₁ , Bernhard T Baune ₁ , Ivan Brack ₁ , Robin Bülow ₁ , Geraldo Busatto Filho ₁ , Angela Carballedo ₁ , Colm G Connolly ₁ , Kathryn R Cullen ₁ , Udo Dannlowski ₁ , Christopher G Davey ₁ , Danai Dima ₁ , Katharina Dohm ₁ , Tracy Erwin-Grabner ₁ , Thomas Frodl ₁ , Cynthia H Y Fu ₁ , Geoffrey B Hall ₁ , David C Glahn ₁ , Beata Godlewska ₁ , Ian H Gotlib ₁ , Roberto Goya-Maldonado ₁ , Hans Jörgen Grabe ₁ , Nynke A Groenewold ₁ , Dominik Grotegerd ₁ , Oliver Gruber ₁ , Mathew A Harris ₁ , Ben J Harrison ₁ , Sean N Hatton ₁ , Ian B Hickie ₁ , Tiffany C Ho ₁ , Neda Jahanshad ₁ , Tilo Kircher ₁ , Bernd Krämer ₁ , Axel Krug ₁ , Jim Lagopoulos ₁ , Elisabeth J Leehr ₁ , Meng Li ₁ , Frank P MacMaster ₁ , Glenda MacQueen ₁ , Andrew M McIntosh ₁ , Quinn McLellan ₁ , Sarah E Medland ₁ , Bryon A Mueller ₁ , Igor Nenadic ₁ , Evgeny Osipov ₁ , Martina Papmeyer ₁ , Maria J Portella ₁ , Liesbeth Reneman ₁ , Pedro G P Rosa ₁ , Matthew D Sacchet ₁ , Knut Schnell ₁ , Anouk Schrantee ₁ , Kang Sim ₁ , Egle Simulionyte ₁ , Lisa Sindermann ₁ , Aditya Singh ₁ , Dan J Stein ₁ , Benjamin N Ubani ₁ , Nic J A Van der Wee ₁ , Steven J A Van der Werff ₁ , Ilya M Veer ₁ , Yolanda Vives-Gilabert ₁ , Henry Völzke ₁ , Henrik Walter ₁ , Martin Walter ₁ , Melinda Westlund Schreiner ₁ , Heather Whalley ₁ , Nils Winter ₁ , Katharina Wittfeld ₁ , Tony T Yang ₁ , Dilara Yüksel ₁ , Dario Zaremba ₁ , Paul M Thompson ₁ , Dick J Veltman ₁ , Lianne Schmaal ₁ , Clyde Francks ₁

Affiliation

The Department of Language and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (de Kovel, Francks); Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia (Davey); the Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam (Veltman); the Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey (Jahanshad, Thompson); the Laboratory of Affective, Cognitive, and Translational Neuroscience, Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation (Aftanas, Brack, Osipov); the Department of Neuroscience, Neuroimaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (Aleman); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne (Baune); the Institute for Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany (Bülow); the Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Busatto Filho, Rosa); the Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin (Carballedo, Frodl); the Department of Psychiatry and the Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco (Connolly, Ho, Yang); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis (Cullen, Mueller, Ubani, Schreiner); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Dannlowski, Dohm, Grotegerd, Leehr, Sindermann, Winter, Zaremba); the Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Social Sciences, City, University of London, London (Dima); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany (Erwin-Grabner; Goya-Maldonado, Schnell, Singh); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany (Frodl); the Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Fu); the Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (Hall); the Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn. (Alexander-Bloch, Glahn); the Psychopharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K. (Godlewska); the Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif. (Gotlib, Ho); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald (Grabe, Wittfeld); the Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation, University Medical Center Groningen (Groenewold); the Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany (Gruber, Krämer, Simulionyte); the Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, and Melbourne Health, Melbourne (Harrison); the Youth Mental Health Team, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Hatton, Hickie, Lagopoulos); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany (Kircher, Krug, Nenadic, Yüksel); the Department of Neurology, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg (Li); the Departments of Psychiatry and Paediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (MacMaster, McLellan); the Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary (MacQueen); the Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (Harris, McIntosh, Papmeyer, Whalley); Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (Medland); the Department. of Psychiatry, Institute of Biomedical Research Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (Portella); the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam (Reneman, Schrantee); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford (Sacchet); West Region and Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore (Sim); Medical Research Council Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Groenewold, Stein); Brain Function and Dysfunction, Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum, Leiden, the Netherlands (Van der Wee); the Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (Van der Werff); the Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin (Veer, H. Walter); the Institute of Information and Communication Technologies (Instituto ITACA), Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain (Gilabert); the Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald (Völzke); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (M. Walter); the Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Schreiner); the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Site Rostock/Greifswald (Grabe, Wittfeld); the Department of Neuroscience, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk (Aftanas); the Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen (Aleman); the Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo (Busatto Filho, Rosa); the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee (Connolly); the Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Dima); the Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen (Francks); the School of Psychology, University of East London, London (Fu); the Sunshine Coast Mind and Neuroscience Thompson Institute, Queensland, Australia (Lagopoulos); Strategic Clinical Network for Addictions and Mental Health, Alberta, Canada (MacMaster); the Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (McIntosh); the Rehabilitation Services and Care Unit, Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland (Papmeyer); CIBERSAM, Madrid (Portella); the Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne (Davey, Schmaal); the Spinoza Center for Neuroimaging, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam (Schrantee); Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (Sim); the School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston (Ubani); the Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden (Van der Werff); the German Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Greifswald, Greifswald (Völzke).

Objective:

Asymmetry is a subtle but pervasive aspect of the human brain, and it may be altered in several psychiatric conditions. MRI studies have shown subtle differences of brain anatomy between people with major depressive disorder and healthy control subjects, but few studies have specifically examined brain anatomical asymmetry in relation to this disorder, and results from those studies have remained inconclusive. At the functional level, some electroencephalography studies have indicated left fronto-cortical hypoactivity and right parietal hypoactivity in depressive disorders, so aspects of lateralized anatomy may also be affected. The authors used pooled individual-level data from data sets collected around the world to investigate differences in laterality in measures of cortical thickness, cortical surface area, and subcortical volume between individuals with major depression and healthy control subjects.

Methods:

The authors investigated differences in the laterality of thickness and surface area measures of 34 cerebral cortical regions in 2,256 individuals with major depression and 3,504 control subjects from 31 separate data sets, and they investigated volume asymmetries of eight subcortical structures in 2,540 individuals with major depression and 4,230 control subjects from 32 data sets. T₁-weighted MRI data were processed with a single protocol using FreeSurfer and the Desikan-Killiany atlas. The large sample size provided 80% power to detect effects of the order of Cohen’s d=0.1.

Results:

The largest effect size (Cohen’s d) of major depression diagnosis was 0.085 for the thickness asymmetry of the superior temporal cortex, which was not significant after adjustment for multiple testing. Asymmetry measures were not significantly associated with medication use, acute compared with remitted status, first episode compared with recurrent status, or age at onset.

Conclusions:

Altered brain macro-anatomical asymmetry may be of little relevance to major depression etiology in most cases.

中文翻译：

重度抑郁症的脑结构不对称性没有改变：ENIGMA 联盟分析

客观的：

不对称性是人脑的一个微妙但普遍的方面，它可能会在几种精神疾病中发生改变。 MRI 研究显示了重度抑郁症患者和健康对照组之间大脑解剖结构的细微差异，但很少有研究专门检查与这种疾病相关的大脑解剖不对称性，而且这些研究的结果仍然没有结论。在功能水平上，一些脑电图研究表明抑郁症患者存在左额皮质活动减退和右顶叶活动减退，因此侧化解剖学方面也可能受到影响。作者使用从世界各地收集的数据集中汇总的个体水平数据来调查重度抑郁症患者和健康对照受试者之间皮质厚度、皮质表面积和皮质下体积测量的偏侧性差异。

方法：

作者研究了来自 31 个独立数据集的 2,256 名重度抑郁症患者和 3,504 名对照受试者的 34 个大脑皮层区域的厚度和表面积测量值的偏侧性差异，并研究了 2,540 名重度抑郁症患者和 2,540 名重度抑郁症患者的 8 个皮质下结构的体积不对称性。来自 32 个数据集的 4,230 名对照受试者。使用 FreeSurfer 和 Desikan-Killiany 图集通过单一协议处理 T ₁加权 MRI 数据。大样本量提供了 80% 的功效来检测 Cohen's d=0.1 量级的影响。