Gastric cancer is a global health problem, with more than 1 million people newly diagnosed with gastric cancer worldwide each year. Despite its worldwide decline in incidence and mortality over the past 5 decades, gastric cancer remains the third leading cause of cancer-related death. Knowledge of global as well as regional epidemiology and risk factors for gastric cancer is essential for the practicing gastroenterologist to make personalized decisions about risk stratification, screening, and prevention. In this article, we review the epidemiology of gastric cancer as well as screening and prevention efforts to reduce global morbidity and mortality from gastric cancer. First, we discuss the descriptive epidemiology of gastric cancer, including its incidence, mortality, survival, and secular trends. We combine a synthesis of published studies with an analysis of data from the International Agency for Research on Cancer GLOBOCAN project to describe the global burden of gastric cancer and data from the US Cancer Statistics registry to discuss the change in incidence of gastric cancer in the United States. Next, we summarize current knowledge of risk factors for gastric cancer. Finally, we discuss prevention strategies and screening efforts for gastric cancer.

中文翻译：

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胃癌的负担。

胃癌是一个全球性的健康问题，全球每年有超过 100 万人新诊断出胃癌。尽管过去 5 年全球发病率和死亡率下降，但胃癌仍然是癌症相关死亡的第三大原因。了解全球和地区胃癌的流行病学和危险因素对于执业胃肠病学家做出有关风险分层、筛查和预防的个性化决策至关重要。在本文中，我们回顾了胃癌的流行病学以及为降低全球胃癌发病率和死亡率而开展的筛查和预防工作。首先，我们讨论了胃癌的描述性流行病学，包括其发病率、死亡率、生存率和长期趋势。我们将已发表研究的综合与国际癌症研究机构 GLOBOCAN 项目的数据分析相结合，以描述胃癌的全球负担，并结合美国癌症统计登记处的数据来讨论美国胃癌发病率的变化状态。接下来，我们总结了目前对胃癌危险因素的认识。最后，我们讨论了胃癌的预防策略和筛查工作。