While the root causes for individual neurodegenerative diseases are distinct, many shared pathological features and mechanisms contribute to neurodegeneration across diseases. Altered levels of microRNAs, small non-coding RNAs involved in post transcriptional regulation of gene expression, are reported for numerous neurodegenerative diseases. Yet, comparison between diseases to uncover commonly dysregulated microRNAs during neurodegeneration in general is lagging. We performed a systematic review of peer-reviewed publications describing differential microRNA expression in neurodegenerative diseases and related animal models. We compiled the results from studies covering the prevalent neurodegenerative diseases in the literature: Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, age-related macular degeneration, ataxia, dementia, myotonic dystrophy, epilepsy, glaucoma, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and prion disorders. MicroRNAs which were dysregulated most often in these diseases and their models included miR-9-5p, miR-21-5p, the miR-29 family, miR-132-3p, miR-124-3p, miR-146a-5p, miR-155-5p, and miR-223-3p. Common pathways targeted by these predominant miRNAs were identified and revealed great functional overlap across diseases. We also identified a strong role for each microRNA in both the neural and immune components of diseases. microRNAs regulate broad networks of genes and identifying microRNAs commonly dysregulated across neurodegenerative diseases could cultivate novel hypotheses related to common molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration.

中文翻译：

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神经退行性疾病中的microRNA失调：系统综述。

虽然个别神经退行性疾病的根本原因是不同的，但许多共有的病理特征和机制导致了跨疾病的神经退行性变。据报道，许多神经退行性疾病的microRNA水平降低，参与基因表达的转录后调控的小的非编码RNA。然而，通常在神经退行性疾病之间发现通常失调的微小RNA的疾病之间的比较是滞后的。我们对同行评审的出版物进行了系统的综述，这些出版物描述了神经退行性疾病和相关动物模型中不同的microRNA表达。我们汇总了文献中涉及神经退行性疾病的研究结果：阿尔茨海默氏病，肌萎缩性侧索硬化症，年龄相关性黄斑变性，共济失调，痴呆，强直性肌营养不良，癫痫，青光眼，亨廷顿氏病，多发性硬化症，帕金森氏病和病毒病。在这些疾病中最常失调的MicroRNA及其模型包括miR-9-5p，miR-21-5p，miR-29家族，miR-132-3p，miR-124-3p，miR-146a-5p，miR -155-5p和miR-223-3p。确定了这些主要miRNA靶向的常见途径，并揭示了疾病之间的巨大功能重叠。我们还确定了每种microRNA在疾病的神经和免疫成分中的重要作用。microRNA调控着广泛的基因网络，鉴定出在神经退行性疾病中通常失调的microRNA可以培养出与神经退行性疾病的常见分子机制相关的新假设。帕金森氏病和病毒病。在这些疾病中最常失调的MicroRNA及其模型包括miR-9-5p，miR-21-5p，miR-29家族，miR-132-3p，miR-124-3p，miR-146a-5p，miR -155-5p和miR-223-3p。确定了这些主要miRNA靶向的常见途径，并揭示了疾病之间的巨大功能重叠。我们还确定了每种microRNA在疾病的神经和免疫成分中的重要作用。microRNA调控着广泛的基因网络，鉴定出在神经退行性疾病中通常失调的microRNA可以培养出与神经退行性病变的分子机制相关的新假设。帕金森氏病和病毒病。在这些疾病中最常失调的MicroRNA及其模型包括miR-9-5p，miR-21-5p，miR-29家族，miR-132-3p，miR-124-3p，miR-146a-5p，miR -155-5p和miR-223-3p。确定了这些主要miRNA靶向的常见途径，并揭示了疾病之间的巨大功能重叠。我们还确定了每种microRNA在疾病的神经和免疫成分中的重要作用。microRNA调控着广泛的基因网络，鉴定出在神经退行性疾病中通常失调的microRNA可以培养出与神经退行性疾病的常见分子机制相关的新假设。miR-29家族，miR-132-3p，miR-124-3p，miR-146a-5p，miR-155-5p和miR-223-3p。确定了这些主要miRNA靶向的常见途径，并揭示了疾病之间的巨大功能重叠。我们还确定了每种microRNA在疾病的神经和免疫成分中的重要作用。microRNA调控着广泛的基因网络，鉴定出在神经退行性疾病中通常失调的microRNA可以培养出与神经退行性疾病的常见分子机制相关的新假设。miR-29家族，miR-132-3p，miR-124-3p，miR-146a-5p，miR-155-5p和miR-223-3p。确定了这些主要miRNA靶向的常见途径，并揭示了疾病之间的巨大功能重叠。我们还确定了每种microRNA在疾病的神经和免疫成分中的重要作用。microRNA调控着广泛的基因网络，鉴定出在神经退行性疾病中通常失调的microRNA可以培养出与神经退行性病变的分子机制相关的新假设。