Transfusion Medicine is a dynamically evolving field. Recent high-quality research has reshaped the paradigms guiding blood transfusion. As increasing evidence supports the benefit of limiting transfusion, guidelines have been developed and disseminated into clinical practice governing optimal transfusion of red cells, platelets, plasma and cryoprecipitate. Concepts ranging from transfusion thresholds to prophylactic use to maximal storage time are addressed in guidelines. Patient blood management programs have developed to implement principles of patient safety through limiting transfusion in clinical practice. Data from National Hemovigilance Surveys showing dramatic declines in blood utilization over the past decade demonstrate the practical uptake of current principles guiding patient safety. In parallel with decreasing use of traditional blood products, the development of new technologies for blood transfusion such as freeze drying and cold storage has accelerated. Approaches to policy decision making to augment blood safety have also changed. Drivers of these changes include a deeper understanding of emerging threats and adverse events based on hemovigilance, and an increasing healthcare system expectation to align blood safety decision making with approaches used in other healthcare disciplines.

输血医学是一个动态发展的领域。最近的高质量研究已经改变了指导输血的范式。随着越来越多的证据支持限制输血的益处，已经制定了指南并将其传播到临床实践中，以控制红细胞，血小板，血浆和冷沉淀的最佳输血。从输血阈值到预防使用到最大存储时间的概念在指南中都有涉及。已经制定了患者血液管理计划，以通过限制临床实践中的输血来实施患者安全原则。全国血液警戒调查的数据显示，过去十年来血液利用率急剧下降，表明了指导患者安全的现行原则已被实际采用。在减少使用传统血液制品的同时，加快了输血新技术的开发，例如冷冻干燥和冷藏。增强血液安全性的政策决策方法也发生了变化。这些变化的驱动力包括对基于血液警惕的新出现的威胁和不良事件的更深刻理解，以及医疗保健系统对将血液安全决策与其他医疗保健领域所采用的方法保持一致的期望不断提高。