Bidi, an indigenous form of cigarette in South Asian countries, is popular because of its low cost and multi-flavored variants. Although recent studies have shown that bidi smokers suffer from various adverse health effects including cancer, research on bidi smoke composition and exposure levels is still very limited. In this research, the vapor and particulate phases of bidi were characterized using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). The amounts of nicotine, cotinine, indole, substituted phenols, substituted pyridines, and phytol found in different size fractions of the particulate matter collected using a cascade impactor were reported. Due to the low combustibility of the tendu leaf in bidi, a six-second puff interval was used to sample the smoke constituents for analysis. Significant levels of carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, and hydrocarbons like ethylene, methane and 1, 3-butadiene were detected in the mainstream bidi smoke. In addition, 3-methylpyridine, cotinine, α-amyrin, and β-amyrin were also present at high levels in bidi smoke. Despite having less tobacco compared to conventional cigarette, bidi smokers are potentially exposed to significantly higher concentrations of nicotine due to the greater puffing frequency. The non-porous nature and higher moisture content of tendu leaf in bidis compared to cigarette wrapping paper led to higher levels of carbon monoxide and tar in bidi smoke compared to regular cigarette smoke. Results of this study indicate the presence of harmful and carcinogenic chemicals in the mainstream bidi smoke that could be harmful to human health.

中文翻译：

---

主流比迪烟中的化学成分分析

Bidi是南亚国家的一种本地卷烟，因其价格低廉和多种口味而广受欢迎。尽管最近的研究表明，比迪烟民遭受多种不利健康影响，包括癌症，但对比迪烟的成分和暴露水平的研究仍然非常有限。在这项研究中，使用气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC-MS）和傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（FTIR）对比迪的蒸气相和颗粒相进行了表征。报告了使用级联撞击器收集到的不同大小颗粒物中烟碱，可替宁，吲哚，取代酚，取代吡啶和植醇的含量。由于比迪烟中腱叶的可燃性低，使用六秒钟的抽吸间隔来采样烟雾成分以进行分析。在主流比迪烟中检测到大量的一氧化碳，氰化氢和碳氢化合物，如乙烯，甲烷和1，3-丁二烯。此外，比迪烟中还高含量存在3-甲基吡啶，可替宁，α-淀粉糊精和β-淀粉糊精。尽管与常规香烟相比，烟草较少，但比迪烟吸烟者由于更大的抽吸频率而可能会暴露于明显更高浓度的尼古丁。与香烟包装纸相比，比迪烟中腱叶的无孔性质和较高的水分含量导致比常规香烟烟中比迪烟中的一氧化碳和焦油含量更高。