A systematic review was performed in order to integrate and synthesize available information on mcr genes dissemination in Latin America. Four databases were searched for articles reporting plasmid-mediated colistin resistance between bacteria isolated from countries of Latin America and the Caribbean. Abstract books of scientific events realized in each region were also examined. After search and selection, 48 studies that included 18,705 isolates recovered between 2000 and 2018 were evaluated. The overall frequency of mcr genes in Latin America was 2.9% (550/18,705), with IncX4 plasmids shown to be the key vectors responsible for the dissemination of genes within the continent. Brazil, Bolivia and Argentina were the countries with the highest number of mcr-positive isolates, and only Colombia (mcr-5) and Brazil (mcr-3) presented mcr genes other than type 1. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium were mainly found to carry the gene within the continent and these microorganisms showed high susceptibility to ertapenem, meropenem, piperacillin/tazobactam, fosfomycin and tigecycline. This review showed that the mcr gene is circulating in several countries of Latin America. Thus, it is important to encourage microbiological and molecular surveillance programs to avoid the spread of these genes within and outside the continent.

为了整合和综合有关拉丁美洲mcr基因传播的可用信息，进行了系统的审查。在四个数据库中搜索了报道从拉丁美洲和加勒比海国家分离的细菌之间质粒介导的大肠菌素抗性的文章。还检查了每个地区实现的科学事件摘要。经过搜索和选择后，评估了48项研究，其中包括2000年至2018年之间回收的18,705株分离株。在拉丁美洲，mcr基因的总频率为2.9％（550 / 18,705），其中显示有IncX4质粒是负责在非洲大陆传播基因的关键载体。巴西，玻利维亚和阿根廷是MCR数量最高的国家-阳性分离株，只有哥伦比亚（mcr -5）和巴西（mc r-3）呈现1型以外的mcr基因。主要发现大肠杆菌，肺炎克雷伯菌和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌鼠伤寒沙门氏菌携带该基因。这些微生物显示出对厄他培南，美罗培南，哌拉西林/他唑巴坦，磷霉素和替加环素的高度敏感性。这项审查表明，mcr基因正在拉丁美洲的几个国家中传播。因此，重要的是鼓励微生物和分子监测计划，以避免这些基因在非洲大陆内外传播。