In the last decade, transcriptome analyses have discovered thousands of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) which are assumed as a fundamental part of the gene regulatory networks in the cell. Intriguingly, lncRNAs are abundantly enriched in the brain, displaying elaborate spatiotemporal expression profiles and modulation. They diversely participate in the delicate regulation of the central nervous system (CNS) development including self-renewal maintenance, cell fate decision, synapse plasticity, synaptogenesis and memory formation. Moreover, lncRNAs have vastly demonstrated correlations with mental illnesses such as neuropsychiatric disorders (NPDs), implying the vital jobs of these yet poorly-understood transcripts. Here, we underlie the accumulating evidence for the significance of lncRNAs in neural networks and their impairment in several NPDs including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), schizophrenia (SZ), intellectual disability (ID), major depressive disorder (MDD), Rett syndrome (RTT) and others.

在过去的十年中，转录组分析发现了数千个长的非编码RNA（lncRNA），它们被认为是细胞基因调控网络的基本组成部分。有趣的是，lncRNA在大脑中大量富集，显示出精心设计的时空表达特征和调控方式。他们多样化地参与中枢神经系统（CNS）发育的微妙调节，包括自我更新维持，细胞命运决定，突触可塑性，突触形成和记忆形成。此外，lncRNAs已广泛证明与精神疾病（如神经精神疾病（NPD））相关，这暗示着这些尚未被充分理解的转录本的重要作用。这里，