One of the goals of biomaterials science is to reverse engineer aspects of human and nonhuman physiology. Similar to the body's regulatory mechanisms, such devices must transduce changes in the physiological environment or the presence of an external stimulus into a detectable or therapeutic response. This review is a comprehensive evaluation and critical analysis of the design and fabrication of environmentally responsive cell-material constructs for bioinspired machinery and biomimetic devices. In a bottom-up analysis, we begin by reviewing fundamental principles that explain materials' responses to chemical gradients, biomarkers, electromagnetic fields, light, and temperature. Strategies for fabricating highly ordered assemblies of material components at the nano to macro-scales via directed assembly, lithography, 3D printing and 4D printing are also presented. We conclude with an account of contemporary material-tissue interfaces within bioinspired and biomimetic devices for peptide delivery, cancer theranostics, biomonitoring, neuroprosthetics, soft robotics, and biological machines.

中文翻译：

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用于仿生和仿生设备的智能材料-组织界面的模块化制造

生物材料科学的目标之一是对人类和非人类生理学的各个方面进行逆向工程。与身体的调节机制类似，此类设备必须将生理环境的变化或外部刺激的存在转化为可检测或治疗反应。本综述是对用于仿生机械和仿生装置的环境响应细胞材料结构的设计和制造的综合评估和批判性分析。在自下而上的分析中，我们首先回顾了解释材料对化学梯度、生物标志物、电磁场、光和温度的响应的基本原理。通过定向组装、光刻、还介绍了 3D 打印和 4D 打印。我们最后介绍了用于肽递送、癌症治疗诊断学、生物监测、神经假肢、软机器人和生物机器的仿生和仿生设备中的当代材料-组织界面。