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Comparison of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) and cardoon (Cynara cardunculus) productivity for energy biomass under weedy and weed-free conditions
European Journal of Agronomy ( IF 5.2 ) Pub Date : 2019-10-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.eja.2019.125924
Athanasia Tsiaousi , Ioannis Vasilakoglou , Ioannis Gravalos , Spyridon D. Koutroubas

Abstract Milk thistle (Silybum marianum [L.] Gaertn.) and cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) are energy plants. However, no studies have been conducted to investigate which of these crops could provide sufficient biomass under reduced inputs (regarding irrigation, fertilization and weed management), although this knowledge is essential for the farmers for decision-making. A 3-year field study was conducted in central Greece to compare the productivity of milk thistle (native ecotype) with that of cardoon (var. C12) under weedy and weed-free conditions, without fertilization and irrigation. During the 3 years of cultivation, cardoon and milk thistle produced a total of 24.56 t ha−1 and 20.89 t ha−1 dry biomass, respectively, in weed-free treatments. Weed competition slightly reduced the productivity of both crops. Therefore, the corresponding biomass yields in weedy treatments were 19.70 and 15.49 t ha−1. The gross calorific value of milk thistle and cardoon biomass ranged from 15.5 to 16.1 MJ kg-1 and 16.5 to 17.3 MJ kg−1, respectively. The average across-year potential energy yield in weed-free treatments was 111,870 MJ ha-1 for the milk thistle and 135,330 MJ ha-1 for the cardoon. The corresponding potential energy yields in weedy treatments were 80,130 MJ ha-1 and 113,550 MJ ha−1. Conclusively, milk thistle and cardoon could provide satisfactory dry biomass for energy use in semi-arid Mediterranean fields without irrigation or weed control inputs (assisted by their high allelopathic potential). Additionally, the cardoon outperformed the milk thistle in productivity.

中文翻译:

在杂草和无杂草条件下,奶蓟 (Silybum marianum) 和刺猬 (Cynara cardunculus) 的能源生物质生产力比较

摘要 奶蓟 (Silybum marianum [L.] Gaertn.) 和刺猬 (Cynara cardunculus L.) 是能源植物。然而,还没有研究调查这些作物中哪些可以在减少投入(关于灌溉、施肥和杂草管理)的情况下提供足够的生物量,尽管这些知识对于农民的决策至关重要。在希腊中部进行了一项为期 3 年的实地研究,以在杂草和无杂草的条件下,在没有施肥和灌溉的情况下,比较奶蓟草(原生生态型)与刺猬(C12 变种)的生产力。在 3 年的栽培中,刺猬和奶蓟在无杂草处理中分别产生了 24.56 t ha-1 和 20.89 t ha-1 的干生物量。杂草竞争略微降低了两种作物的生产力。所以,杂草处理的相应生物量产量分别为 19.70 和 15.49 t ha-1。奶蓟草和刺猬生物量的总热值分别为 15.5 至 16.1 MJ kg-1 和 16.5 至 17.3 MJ kg-1。无杂草处理的平均跨年潜在能量产量为 111,870 MJ ha-1(乳蓟)和 135,330 MJ ha-1(刺猬)。杂草处理的相应潜在能量产量为 80,130 MJ ha-1 和 113,550 MJ ha-1。最后,奶蓟草和刺猬可以为地中海半干旱田地的能源利用提供令人满意的干生物量,无需灌溉或杂草控制投入(借助它们的高化感潜力)。此外,刺猬的生产力优于奶蓟。奶蓟草和刺猬生物量的总热值分别为 15.5 至 16.1 MJ kg-1 和 16.5 至 17.3 MJ kg-1。无杂草处理的平均跨年潜在能量产量为 111,870 MJ ha-1(乳蓟)和 135,330 MJ ha-1(刺猬)。杂草处理的相应潜在能量产量为 80,130 MJ ha-1 和 113,550 MJ ha-1。最后,奶蓟草和刺猬可以为地中海半干旱田地的能源利用提供令人满意的干生物量,无需灌溉或杂草控制投入(借助它们的高化感潜力)。此外,刺猬的生产力优于奶蓟。奶蓟草和刺猬生物量的总热值分别为 15.5 至 16.1 MJ kg-1 和 16.5 至 17.3 MJ kg-1。无杂草处理的平均跨年潜在能量产量为 111,870 MJ ha-1(乳蓟)和 135,330 MJ ha-1(刺猬)。杂草处理的相应潜在能量产量为 80,130 MJ ha-1 和 113,550 MJ ha-1。最后,奶蓟草和刺猬可以为地中海半干旱田地的能源利用提供令人满意的干生物量,无需灌溉或杂草控制投入(借助它们的高化感潜力)。此外,刺猬的生产力优于奶蓟。奶蓟草为 870 MJ ha-1,刺猬为 135,330 MJ ha-1。杂草处理的相应潜在能量产量为 80,130 MJ ha-1 和 113,550 MJ ha-1。最后,奶蓟草和刺猬可以为地中海半干旱田地的能源利用提供令人满意的干生物量,无需灌溉或杂草控制投入(借助它们的高化感潜力)。此外,刺猬的生产力优于奶蓟。奶蓟草为 870 MJ ha-1,刺猬为 135,330 MJ ha-1。杂草处理的相应潜在能量产量为 80,130 MJ ha-1 和 113,550 MJ ha-1。最后,奶蓟草和刺猬可以为地中海半干旱田地的能源利用提供令人满意的干生物量,无需灌溉或杂草控制投入(借助它们的高化感潜力)。此外,刺猬的生产力优于奶蓟。
更新日期:2019-10-01
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