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When not to start antibiotics: avoiding antibiotic overuse in the intensive care unit.
Clinical Microbiology and Infection ( IF 10.9 ) Pub Date : 2019-07-12 , DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2019.07.007
K J Denny 1 , J De Waele 2 , K B Laupland 3 , P N A Harris 4 , J Lipman 5
Affiliation  

BACKGROUND Most intensive care unit (ICU) patients receive broad-spectrum antibiotics. While lifesaving in some, in others these treatments may be unnecessary and place patients at risk of antibiotic-associated harms. OBJECTIVES To review the literature exploring how we diagnose infection in patients in the ICU and address the safety and utility of a 'watchful waiting' approach to antibiotic initiation with selected patients in the ICU. SOURCES A semi-structured search of PubMed and Cochrane Library databases for articles published in English during the past 15 years was conducted. CONTENT Distinguishing infection from non-infectious mimics in ICU patients is uniquely challenging. At present, we do not have access to a rapid point-of-care test that reliably differentiates between individuals who need antibiotics and those who do not. A small number of studies have attempted to compare early aggressive versus conservative antimicrobial strategies in the ICU. However, this body of literature is small and not robust enough to guide practice. IMPLICATIONS This issue will not likely be resolved until there are diagnostic tests that rapidly and reliably identify the presence or absence of infection in the ICU population. In the meantime, prospective trials that identify clinical situations wherein it is safe to delay or withhold antibiotic initiation in the ICU until the presence of an infection is proven are warranted.

中文翻译:

什么时候不开始使用抗生素:避免在重症监护室过度使用抗生素。

背景技术大多数重症监护病房(ICU)患者接受广谱抗生素。虽然在某些情况下可以挽救生命,但在另一些情况下则可能不需要这些治疗,这会使患者面临与抗生素相关的危害的风险。目的回顾文献,探讨我们如何在ICU中诊断感染,并探讨在ICU中针对选定患者进行抗生素观察的“警惕等待”方法的安全性和实用性。来源对PubMed和Cochrane图书馆的数据库进行了半结构化搜索,以查找过去15年中以英文发表的文章。内容在ICU患者中区分感染与非感染性模拟物具有独特的挑战性。目前,我们无法进行快速的即时检验,无法可靠地区分需要抗生素的人和不需要抗生素的人。少数研究试图在ICU中比较早期的积极和保守抗菌策略。但是,这类文献很少,不足以指导实践。含义只有通过能够快速,可靠地确定ICU人群中是否存在感染的诊断测试,该问题才可能得到解决。同时,有必要进行前瞻性试验,以鉴定出临床情况,在这些情况下,在ICU中延迟或停止抗生素的启动是安全的,直到证实存在感染为止。含义只有通过能够快速,可靠地确定ICU人群中是否存在感染的诊断测试,该问题才可能得到解决。同时,有必要进行前瞻性试验,以鉴定出临床情况,在这些情况下,在ICU中延迟或停止抗生素的启动是安全的,直到证实存在感染为止。含义只有通过能够快速,可靠地确定ICU人群中是否存在感染的诊断测试,该问题才可能得到解决。同时,有必要进行前瞻性试验,以鉴定出临床情况,在这些情况下,在ICU中延迟或停止抗生素的启动是安全的,直到证实存在感染为止。
更新日期:2019-12-31
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