Simulation training has become increasingly relevant in the educational curriculum of surgical trainees. The types of simulation models used, goals of simulation training, and an objective assessment of its utility and effectiveness are highly variable. The role and effectiveness of cadaveric simulation in cardiothoracic surgical training has not been well established. The objective of this study was to evaluate the current medical literature available on the utility and the effectiveness of cadaveric simulation in cardiothoracic surgical residency training. A literature search was performed using PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus, and CINAHL from inception to February 2019. Of the 362 citations obtained, 23 articles were identified and retrieved for full review, yielding ten eligible articles that were included for analysis. One additional study was identified and included in the analysis. Extraction of data from the selected articles was performed using predetermined data fields, including study design, study participants, simulation task, performance metrics, and costs. Most of these studies were only descriptive of a cadaveric or perfused cadaveric simulation model that could be used to augment clinical operative training in cardiothoracic surgery. There is a paucity of evidence in the literature that specifically evaluates the utility and the efficacy of cadavers in cardiothoracic surgery training. Of the few studies that have been published in the literature, cadaveric simulation does seem to have a role in cardiothoracic surgery training beyond simply learning basic skills. Additional research in this area is needed.

中文翻译：

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心胸外科尸体模拟训练：系统评价。

模拟培训在外科学员的教育课程中变得越来越重要。所使用的模拟模型的类型、模拟训练的目标以及对其效用和有效性的客观评估是高度可变的。尸体模拟在心胸外科培训中的作用和有效性尚未得到很好的确立。本研究的目的是评估有关尸体模拟在心胸外科住院医师培训中的实用性和有效性的当前医学文献。从开始到 2019 年 2 月，使用 PubMed、Cochrane Library、Embase、Scopus 和 CINAHL 进行了文献检索。在获得的 362 篇引文中，确定并检索了 23 篇文章进行全面审查，产生了 10 篇符合条件的文章进行分析。一项额外的研究被确定并包括在分析中。使用预定的数据字段从所选文章中提取数据，包括研究设计、研究参与者、模拟任务、绩效指标和成本。大多数这些研究仅描述了可用于增强心胸外科临床手术培训的尸体或灌注尸体模拟模型。文献中缺乏专门评估尸体在心胸外科培训中的效用和功效的证据。在文献中发表的少数研究中，尸体模拟似乎在心胸外科培训中确实发挥了作用，而不仅仅是学习基本技能。需要在该领域进行更多研究。