Abstract The rapid progress in the field of organic–inorganic halide perovskite (OIHP) has led to not only >24% power conversion efficiency for photovoltaics, but also provided breakthroughs in processing of materials with tailored functional behavior. This ability to design and synthesize engineered OIHP materials has opened the possibility to develop various other optoelectronic applications. In addition to that of photovoltaics, this includes photodetector, laser, light emitting diode, X-ray and gamma detector, photocatalyst, memory, transducer, transistor, and more. At this stage, the emphasis is on fundamental understanding of the underlying physics and chemistry of OIHP materials, which will assist the evaluation of device performance and provide explanations for some of the contradictory results reported in literature. This review discusses the theoretical and experimental analysis of the OIHP materials reported from various sources and considers the chemical and structural origin of their unique optoelectronic properties, correlated microstructures, and newly discovered extraordinary properties. In the first few sections, we summarize and discuss the crystallography, chemical bonding, and substitutional effects, followed by the discussion of correlated photophysics including the optical, electronic, excitonic, charge transport, and ion migration characteristics. Next, we revisit and discuss the in-depth behavior of films with unique defect structure, structural disorder, morphology, and crystallization thermodynamics. Novel thermal-electrical-optical properties including ferroelectricity, hot-carrier contribution, spin-orbit coupling effect, terahertz time response, edge-state discovery, etc., are rationalized considering the results debated in the community. We elaborate on the opportunities and challenges regarding stability, toxicity, and hysteresis. The viewpoint on commercialization of OIHP based solar module is presented with the goal of identifying near-term opportunities. Throughout this review, the overarching goal is to provide a simplified explanation for the complex physical effects and mechanisms, underlying interconnections between different mechanisms, uncertainties reported in literature, and recent important theoretical and experimental discoveries.

中文翻译：

---

卤化物钙钛矿半导体基本认识的最新进展

摘要 有机-无机卤化物钙钛矿（OIHP）领域的快速发展不仅使光伏的功率转换效率达到了 24% 以上，而且在具有定制功能行为的材料加工方面也取得了突破。这种设计和合成工程 OIHP 材料的能力为开发各种其他光电应用开辟了可能性。除了光伏，这包括光电探测器、激光器、发光二极管、X 射线和伽马探测器、光催化剂、存储器、换能器、晶体管等。在这个阶段，重点是对 OIHP 材料的基本物理和化学的基本理解，这将有助于评估设备性能并为文献中报道的一些相互矛盾的结果提供解释。本综述讨论了对各种来源报道的 OIHP 材料的理论和实验分析，并考虑了其独特光电特性、相关微结构和新发现的非凡特性的化学和结构起源。在前几节中，我们总结并讨论了晶体学、化学键合和置换效应，然后讨论了相关的光物理学，包括光学、电子、激子、电荷传输和离子迁移特性。接下来，我们重新审视并讨论具有独特缺陷结构、结构无序、形态和结晶热力学的薄膜的深入行为。新的热电光特性，包括铁电性、热载流子贡献、自旋轨道耦合效应、考虑到社区中争论的结果，太赫兹时间响应、边缘状态发现等被合理化。我们详细阐述了有关稳定性、毒性和滞后的机遇和挑战。提出了基于 OIHP 的太阳能模块商业化的观点，目的是确定近期机会。在这篇综述中，首要目标是为复杂的物理效应和机制、不同机制之间的潜在联系、文献中报告的不确定性以及最近的重要理论和实验发现提供一个简化的解释。提出了基于 OIHP 的太阳能模块商业化的观点，目的是确定近期机会。在这篇综述中，首要目标是为复杂的物理效应和机制、不同机制之间的潜在联系、文献中报告的不确定性以及最近的重要理论和实验发现提供一个简化的解释。提出了基于 OIHP 的太阳能模块商业化的观点，目的是确定近期机会。在这篇综述中，首要目标是为复杂的物理效应和机制、不同机制之间的潜在联系、文献中报告的不确定性以及最近的重要理论和实验发现提供一个简化的解释。