Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing threat to global public health, and the overuse of antibiotics in animals has been identified as a major risk factor. With high levels of international trade and direct connectivity to the aquatic environment, shrimp aquaculture may play a role in global AMR dissemination. The vast majority of shrimp production occurs in low‐ and middle‐income countries, where antibiotic quality and usage is widely unregulated, and where the integration of aquaculture with family livelihoods offers many opportunities for human, animal and environmental bacteria to come into close contact. Furthermore, in shrimp growing areas, untreated waste is often directly eliminated into local water sources. These risks are very different to many other major internationally‐traded aquaculture commodities, such as salmon, which is produced in higher income countries where there are greater levels of regulation and well‐established management practices. Assessing the true scale of the risk of AMR dissemination in the shrimp industry is a considerable challenge, not least because obtaining reliable data on antibiotic usage is very difficult. Combating the risks associated with AMR dissemination is also challenging due to the increasing trend towards intensification and its associated disease burden, and because many farmers currently have no alternatives to antibiotics for preventing crop failure. In this review, we critically assess the potential risks the shrimp industry poses to AMR dissemination. We also discuss some of the possible risk mitigation strategies that could be considered by the shrimp industry as it strives for a more sustainable future in production.

中文翻译：

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评估全球虾业的抗菌素耐药性。

抗生素耐药性（AMR）对全球公共卫生构成日益严重的威胁，动物过度使用抗生素已被确定为主要风险因素。由于国际贸易水平高且与水生环境直接相连，对虾养殖可能在全球抗菌素耐药性传播中发挥作用。绝大多数虾生产发生在低收入和中等收入国家，这些国家的抗生素质量和使用普遍不受监管，水产养殖与家庭生计的结合为人类、动物和环境细菌提供了许多密切接触的机会。此外，在虾种植区，未经处理的废物往往直接排入当地水源。这些风险与许多其他主要国际贸易水产​​养殖商品有很大不同，例如鲑鱼，鲑鱼是在高收入国家生产的，这些国家有更高水平的监管和完善的管理实践。评估虾业中抗微生物药物耐药性传播风险的真实规模是一项相当大的挑战，尤其是因为获得有关抗生素使用的可靠数据非常困难。由于集约化趋势及其相关疾病负担日益增加，而且许多农民目前没有抗生素替代品来预防农作物歉收，因此应对与抗菌素耐药性传播相关的风险也具有挑战性。在本次审查中，我们严格评估了养虾业对抗菌素耐药性传播造成的潜在风险。我们还讨论了虾业在努力实现更可持续的生产未来时可以考虑的一些可能的风险缓解策略。