How the nervous system is wired has been a central question of neuroscience since the inception of the field, and many of the foundational discoveries and conceptual advances have been made through the study of invertebrate experimental organisms, including Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster. Although many guidance molecules and receptors have been identified, recent experiments have shed light on the many modes of action for these pathways. Here, we summarize the recent progress in determining how the physical and temporal constraints of the surrounding environment provide instructive regulations in nervous system wiring. We use Netrin and its receptors as an example to analyze the complexity of how they guide neurite outgrowth. In neurite repair, conserved injury detection and response-signaling pathways regulate gene expression and cytoskeletal dynamics. We also describe recent developments in the research on molecular mechanisms of neurite regeneration in worms and flies.

中文翻译：

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蠕虫和苍蝇的神经突发育和修复。

自从该领域诞生以来，如何连接神经系统一直是神经科学的中心问题，并且通过研究无脊椎动物实验性生物，包括秀丽隐杆线虫和黑腹果蝇，已经取得了许多基础发现和概念上的进步。尽管已经确定了许多指导分子和受体，但最近的实验揭示了这些途径的许多作用方式。在这里，我们总结了确定周围环境的物理和时间约束如何在神经系统布线中提供指导性规则方面的最新进展。我们以Netrin及其受体为例，分析它们指导神经突生长的复杂性。在神经突修复中 保守的损伤检测和反应信号通路调节基因表达和细胞骨架动力学。我们还描述了蠕虫和苍蝇中神经突再生的分子机制研究的最新进展。