Dermatomyositis (DM) is an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy that is clinically heterogeneous and that can be difficult to diagnose. Cutaneous manifestations sometimes vary and may or may not parallel myositis and systemic involvement in time course or severity. Recent developments in our understanding of myositis-specific antibodies have the potential to change the diagnostic landscape of DM for dermatologists. Although phenotypic overlap exists, anti-Mi2, -MDA5, -NXP2, -TIF1, and -SAE antibodies may be correlated with distinct DM subtypes in terms of cutaneous manifestations, systemic involvement, and malignancy risk. This review highlights new findings on the DM-specific myositis-specific antibodies and their clinical associations in both adults and children.

中文翻译：

---

皮肌炎：临床特征和发病机理。

皮肌炎（DM）是一种特发性炎性肌病，在临床上是异质性的，可能难以诊断。皮肤表现有时会有所不同，在时程或严重程度上可能与肌炎和全身性疾病并行，也可能不平行。我们对肌炎特异性抗体的了解的最新进展有可能改变皮肤科医生对DM的诊断前景。尽管存在表型重叠，但就皮肤表现，全身受累和恶性肿瘤风险而言，抗Mi2，-MDA5，-NXP2，-TIF1和-SAE抗体可能与不同的DM亚型相关。这篇综述重点介绍了成人和儿童中DM特异性肌炎特异性抗体及其临床关联的新发现。