Sleep is an evolutionarily conserved process and is important for rest and recovery of various biological functions. Sleep and alertness alterations, function as contributing/modulatory factors in initiating and maintaining drug and alcohol abuse and as factors that increase the risk for relapse. Opioid dependent individuals frequently complain of sleep problems during withdrawal and abstinence. Sleep disturbances are seen even among patients on opioid substitution therapy (OST). The aim of this review is to present an overview of sleep problems in opioid dependent patients and to delineate factors associated with sleep disturbance.

中文翻译：

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阿片类药物与睡眠-文献综述。

睡眠是进化上保守的过程，对于各种生物功能的休息和恢复很重要。睡眠和警觉性改变是引发和维持药物和酒精滥用的促成/调节因素，并且是增加复发风险的因素。阿片类药物依赖性个体经常抱怨停药和禁欲期间出现睡眠问题。即使在接受阿片类药物替代疗法（OST）的患者中也可以看到睡眠障碍。这篇综述的目的是概述阿片类药物依赖患者的睡眠问题，并描述与睡眠障碍相关的因素。