Lyme borreliosis cases have been reported from Lombardy in northern Italy, where Ixodes ricinus is the main vector of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. However, spatial and temporal variation in the incidence of Lyme borreliosis is not well understood. In the present study, based on new notified cases of Lyme borreliosis from 2000 to 2015, an average of 1.24 new cases per million residents per year was documented. New cases, georeferenced at the municipal level, were analyzed by retrospective space-time analysis (using SaTScan v. 9.3.1); and land cover, extrapolated from a Corine Land Cover dataset (using QGIS 2.8.1), was used to implement an environmental risk factor analysis. Firstly, a temporal high-risk cluster was detected in Lombardy: the relative risk of Lyme borreliosis was 3.73 times higher during 2008–2015 compared with the entire study period. Moreover, in a spatiotemporal high-risk cluster with a circular base, land cover consisting of wildland-urban interface, meadow, forest and meadow-forest transition were significantly higher compared to low-risk areas. Results of the present study demonstrate that the incidence of Lyme borreliosis is increasing in Lombardy and that environmental conditions are suitable for I. ricinus ticks infected with B. burgdorferi s.l.: citizens and health systems should be aware of Lyme borreliosis to reduce tick bites with personal protective behaviors and to avoid misdiagnosis, particularly within the area including the observed high-risk cluster. Economic resources should be invested to inform about methods to prevent tick bites, how to check people and pets after frequenting risk areas, and ways of removing the biting ticks when they are found.

据报道，意大利北部的伦巴第地区出现了莱姆病的硼酸杆菌病病例，那里的蓖麻粉病是伯氏疏螺旋体的主要病原体。森苏拉托。然而，对莱姆病的发病率的时空变化知之甚少。在本研究中，根据2000年至2015年新报告的莱姆病患者的案例，平均每百万居民每年有1.24例新病例记录在案。通过回顾性时空分析（使用SaTScan v.9.3.1）分析了在市政一级具有地理参考的新病例；从科林土地覆盖数据集（使用QGIS 2.8.1）推断出的土地覆盖被用于实施环境风险因素分析。首先，在伦巴第大区发现了一个暂时性的高危人群：与整个研究期间相比，2008年至2015年期间，莱姆病的相对危险度高出3.73倍。此外，在具有圆形基础的时空高风险集群中，土地覆盖包括荒野与城市的交界处，草地，与低风险地区相比，森林和草甸-森林过渡要高得多。本研究的结果表明，伦巴第的莱姆病患者的发病率正在增加，并且环境条件适合I. ricinus壁虱感染了B. burgdorferi sl：市民和卫生系统应注意莱姆病，以减少带个人保护行为的壁虱叮咬并避免误诊，尤其是在包括观察到的高风险群在内的地区。应该投入经济资源来告知预防tick虫叮咬的方法，在频繁出现危险区域后如何检查人和宠物以及发现叮咬tick虫时将其去除的方法。