BACKGROUND Fruit consumption is known to be beneficial to health. However, the health benefits of fruit juice are controversial due to its high sugar content. OBJECTIVES To examine the associations of frequency of consumption of whole fruit and fruit juice with obesity and metabolic syndrome. DESIGN This cross-sectional study used data from the 2012-2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. PARTICIPANTS A total of 10,460 adults (4,082 men and 6,378 women) aged 19 to 64 years were included in the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Frequency of consumption of whole fruit and fruit juice was evaluated using a food frequency questionnaire, and dietary sugar intake was calculated using a 24-hour recall. Obesity and abdominal obesity were determined using body mass index and waist circumference, respectively. Metabolic syndrome was defined on the basis of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the associations between frequency of whole fruit or fruit juice consumption and obesity and metabolic syndrome abnormalities. RESULTS The percentage of participants who consumed whole fruit daily was 32.6%, whereas 52.3% consumed fruit juice rarely. The average intake of total sugars was 14.9% of total energy, which was within the recommend range (<20% of total energy) for Koreans. Consuming whole fruit ≥1 time/day was associated with reduced prevalence of obesity, abdominal obesity, and elevated blood pressure compared with consuming whole fruit ≤1 time/wk. However, frequency of fruit juice consumption showed no association with obesity, abdominal obesity, and metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS Frequency of whole fruit consumption was associated with reduced prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome abnormalities among Korean adults with average total sugar intake within the recommended range.

中文翻译：

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食用完整水果而非果汁的频率与韩国成年人肥胖率降低有关

背景技术众所周知，食用水果有益于健康。然而，果汁的健康益处因其高糖含量而备受争议。目的 检验全果和果汁的消费频率与肥胖和代谢综合征的关联。设计 本横断面研究使用了 2012-2015 年韩国国家健康和营养检查调查的数据。参与者 共有 10,460 名年龄在 19 至 64 岁之间的成年人（4,082 名男性和 6,378 名女性）被纳入研究。主要观察指标 使用食物频率问卷评估全果和果汁的消费频率，并使用 24 小时回忆计算膳食糖摄入量。肥胖和腹部肥胖分别使用体重指数和腰围确定。代谢综合征是根据国家胆固醇教育计划成人治疗小组 III 定义的。进行的统计分析 进行多元逻辑回归分析以检查整个水果或果汁消费频率与肥胖和代谢综合征异常之间的关联。结果 每天食用整个水果的参与者的百分比为 32.6%，而 52.3% 的参与者很少食用果汁。总糖的平均摄入量为总能量的14.9%，在韩国人的推荐范围内（<总能量的20%）。与每周食用整颗水果 ≤ 1 次相比，食用整颗水果 ≥ 1 次/天与肥胖、腹型肥胖和血压升高的患病率降低相关。然而，果汁消费频率与肥胖、腹部肥胖和代谢综合征无关。结论 平均总糖摄入量在推荐范围内的韩国成年人中，食用整个水果的频率与肥胖和代谢综合征异常的患病率降低有关。