Eggs are widely recognized as a highly nutritious food source that offer specific health benefits for humans. Eggs contain all of the proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, and growth factors necessary for embryonic development. In particular, egg white and yolk proteins are considered functional food substances because they possess biological activities such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, metal-chelating, antihypertensive, anticancer, and immunomodulatory activities. Peptides produced via processes such as enzymatic hydrolysis, fermentation by microorganisms, and some chemical and physical treatments of egg proteins have been shown to enhance the functional properties and solubility of these peptides. Peptide activity is strongly related to amino acid sequence, composition, and length. At present, cancer remains among the leading causes of mortality worldwide, and therefore research aimed at developing new treatments for cancer immunotherapy is of great interest. The present review focuses primarily on the anticancer and immunomodulatory activities of egg proteins and their peptides and provides some insight into their underlying mechanisms of action. A number of egg proteins and peptides have been reported to induce apoptosis in cancer cells, protect against DNA damage, decrease the invasion ability of cancer cells, and exhibit cytotoxic and antimutagenic activity in various cancer cell lines. Furthermore, egg proteins and peptides can stimulate or suppress pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines, as well as affect the production of inflammatory mediators in a variety of cell lines. In addition, the composition of eggs and the processes of egg proteins and peptides production will be discussed.

中文翻译：

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鸡蛋蛋白和多肽的抗癌和免疫调节活性：综述。

鸡蛋被广泛认为是一种营养丰富的食物来源，可为人类提供特定的健康益处。鸡蛋含有胚胎发育所必需的所有蛋白质、脂质、维生素、矿物质和生长因子。特别是，蛋清和蛋黄蛋白被认为是功能性食品物质，因为它们具有抗菌、抗氧化、金属螯合、抗高血压、抗癌和免疫调节等生物活性。通过酶水解、微生物发酵以及鸡蛋蛋白的一些化学和物理处理等过程产生的肽已被证明可以增强这些肽的功能特性和溶解度。肽活性与氨基酸序列、组成和长度密切相关。目前，癌症仍然是世界范围内导致死亡的主要原因之一，因此旨在开发癌症免疫疗法新疗法的研究引起了人们的极大兴趣。本综述主要关注鸡蛋蛋白及其肽的抗癌和免疫调节活性，并对它们的潜在作用机制提供一些见解。据报道，许多卵蛋白和肽在癌细胞中诱导细胞凋亡，防止 DNA 损伤，降低癌细胞的侵袭能力，并在各种癌细胞系中表现出细胞毒性和抗诱变活性。此外，鸡蛋蛋白和肽可以刺激或抑制促炎或抗炎细胞因子，并影响多种细胞系中炎症介质的产生。此外，