Melanoma is the most fatal form of skin cancer. Current therapeutic approaches include surgical resection, chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy. However, these treatment strategies are associated with development of drug resistance and severe side effects. In recent years, natural compounds have also been extensively studied for their anti-melanoma effects, including tumor growth inhibition, apoptosis induction, angiogenesis and metastasis suppression and cancer stem cell elimination. Moreover, a considerable number of studies reported the synergistic activity of phytochemicals and standard anti-melanoma agents, as well as the enhanced effectiveness of their synthetic derivatives and novel formulations. However, clinical data confirming these promising effects in patients are still scanty. This review emphasizes the anti-tumor mechanisms and potential application of the most studied natural products for melanoma prevention and treatment.

黑色素瘤是皮肤癌的最致命形式。当前的治疗方法包括手术切除，化学疗法，靶向治疗和免疫治疗。然而，这些治疗策略与耐药性的发展和严重的副作用有关。近年来，还对天然化合物的抗黑素瘤作用进行了广泛的研究，包括抑制肿瘤生长，诱导细胞凋亡，抑制血管生成和转移以及抑制癌症干细胞。此外，大量研究报告了植物化学物质和标准抗黑素瘤药物的协同活性，以及​​其合成衍生物和新型制剂的增强功效。然而，证实这些对患者有希望的作用的临床数据仍然很少。