The inflammasomes are multi-molecular platforms that are activated in host cell cytoplasm when the innate immune cells are infected with pathogens or exposed to damage signals. Many independent groups reported that Leishmania infection trigger activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages for restriction of intracellular parasite replication. Accordingly, Leishmania can dampen NLRP3 activation as an evasion strategy. In vivo, the NLRP3 inflammasome can promote parasite clearance, but the failure to eliminate parasites in the tissues together with sustained inflammasome activation can promote IL-1β-mediated disease pathology. In this review, we discuss the recent data regarding activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in response to Leishmania and the beneficial and detrimental effects of the inflammasome during development of Leishmaniasis.

中文翻译：

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炎性体和利什曼原虫：无论好坏，疾病或健康状况。

炎性小体是多分子平台，当先天免疫细胞感染病原体或暴露于损伤信号时，它们就会在宿主细胞的细胞质中被激活。许多独立的研究小组报道，利什曼原虫感染会触发巨噬细胞中NLRP3炎性小体的激活，从而限制细胞内寄生虫的复制。因此，利什曼原虫可以抑制NLRP3激活作为逃避策略。在体内，NLRP3炎性小体可以促进寄生虫清除，但是无法消除组织中的寄生虫以及持续的炎性小体激活可以促进IL-1β介导的疾病病理。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了有关响应利什曼原虫激活NLRP3炎性小体以及利什曼病发展过程中炎性小体的有益和有害作用的最新数据。