Ribosomes, which synthesize the proteins of a cell, comprise ribosomal RNA and ribosomal proteins, which coassemble hierarchically during a process termed ribosome biogenesis. Historically, biochemical and molecular biology approaches have revealed how preribosomal particles form and mature in consecutive steps, starting in the nucleolus and terminating after nuclear export into the cytoplasm. However, only recently, due to the revolution in cryo-electron microscopy, could pseudoatomic structures of different preribosomal particles be obtained. Together with in vitro maturation assays, these findings shed light on how nascent ribosomes progress stepwise along a dynamic biogenesis pathway. Preribosomes assemble gradually, chaperoned by a myriad of assembly factors and small nucleolar RNAs, before they reach maturity and enter translation. This information will lead to a better understanding of how ribosome synthesis is linked to other cellular pathways in humans and how it can cause diseases, including cancer, if disturbed.

中文翻译：

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真核生物核糖体大会。

合成细胞蛋白质的核糖体包含核糖体RNA和核糖体蛋白质，它们在被称为核糖体生物发生的过程中会分层组装。从历史上看，生物化学和分子生物学方法揭示了核糖体前颗粒如何在连续的步骤中形成并成熟，从核仁开始，到核输出到细胞质后终止。但是，直到最近，由于冷冻电子显微镜的革命，才能够获得不同核糖体颗粒的假原子结构。连同体外成熟测定，这些发现揭示了新生核糖体如何沿着动态生物发生途径逐步发展。前核糖体逐渐组装，并伴随着众多的组装因子和小的核仁RNA，直到它们成熟并进入翻译。