Antibodies are immunoglobulins that play essential roles in immune systems. All antibodies are glycoproteins that carry at least one or more conserved N-linked oligosaccharides (N-glycans) at the Fc domain. Many studies have demonstrated that both the presence and fine structures of the attached glycans can exert a profound impact on the biological functions and therapeutic efficacy of antibodies. However, antibodies usually exist as mixtures of heterogeneous glycoforms that are difficult to separate in pure glycoforms. Recent progress in glycoengineering has provided useful methods that enable production of glycan-defined and site-selectively modified antibodies for functional studies and for improved therapeutic efficacy. This review highlights major approaches in glycoengineering of antibodies with a focus on recent advances in three areas: glycoengineering through glycan biosynthetic pathway manipulation, glycoengineering through in vitro chemoenzymatic glycan remodeling, and glycoengineering of antibodies for site-specific antibody-drug conjugation.

中文翻译：

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用于调节功能的抗体的糖工程。

抗体是免疫球蛋白，在免疫系统中起重要作用。所有抗体是糖蛋白，其在Fc结构域携带至少一种或多种保守的N-连接寡糖（N-聚糖）。许多研究表明，连接的聚糖的存在和精细结构都可以对抗体的生物学功能和治疗功效产生深远的影响。但是，抗体通常以异质糖型的混合物形式存在，很难分离成纯糖型。糖工程学的最新进展提供了有用的方法，这些方法能够产生聚糖定义的和位点选择性修饰的抗体，用于功能研究和改善的治疗功效。这篇综述重点介绍了抗体糖工程化的主要方法，重点是三个方面的最新进展：