Abstract Adults use features such as facial hair to judge others' social dominance and mate value, but the origin of these judgments is unknown. We sought to determine when these associations develop, which associations develop first, and whether they are associated with early exposure to bearded faces. We presented pairs of bearded and clean-shaven faces to children (2–17 years old; N = 470) and adults (18–22 years; N = 164) and asked them to judge dominance traits (strength, age, masculinity) and mate choice traits (attractiveness, parenting quality). Young children associated beardedness with dominance traits but not mate choice traits. This pattern became more extreme during late childhood and gradually shifted toward adult-like responses during early adolescence. Responses for all traits were adult-like in late adolescence. Finally, having a bearded father was associated with positive judgments of bearded faces for mate choice traits in childhood and both mate choice and dominance traits in adolescence.

中文翻译：

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儿童对面部毛发的判断受生物发育和经验的影响

摘要 成年人通过面部毛发等特征来判断他人的社会支配地位和配偶价值，但这些判断的起源尚不清楚。我们试图确定这些关联何时发展，哪些关联首先发展，以及它们是否与早期接触胡须面孔有关。我们向儿童（2-17 岁；N = 470）和成人（18-22 岁；N = 164）展示了一对留着胡须和剃光的脸，并要求他们判断优势特征（力量、年龄、阳刚之气）和择偶特征（吸引力、育儿质量）。幼儿将胡须与优势特征联系起来，但与择偶特征无关。这种模式在童年晚期变得更加极端，并在青春期早期逐渐转向成人般的反应。在青春期后期，对所有特征的反应都与成人相似。最后，