The mammalian intestine is colonized by a wealth of microorganisms—including bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi—that are all integrated into a functional trans-kingdom community. Characterization of the composition of the fungal community—the mycobiota—has advanced further than the much-needed mechanistic studies. Recent findings have revealed roles for the gut mycobiota in the regulation of host immunity and in the development and progression of human diseases of inflammatory origin. We review these findings here while placing them in the context of the current understanding of the pathways and cellular networks that induce local and systemic immune responses to fungi in the gastrointestinal tract. We discuss gaps in knowledge and argue for the importance of considering bacteria-fungal interactions as we aim to define the roles of mycobiota in immune homeostasis and immune-associated pathologies.

哺乳动物的肠道被许多微生物（包括细菌，病毒，原生动物和真菌）定居，这些微生物都整合到了一个功能强大的跨王国社区中。与急需的机理研究相比，真菌群落（真菌菌群）的组成特征已经得到了进一步的发展。最近的发现揭示了肠道真菌菌群在调节宿主免疫力以及在炎症性人类疾病的发生和发展中的作用。我们在这里回顾这些发现，同时将它们放在当前对引起胃肠道真菌局部和全身免疫应答的途径和细胞网络的理解的背景下。