OBJECTIVE To investigate abnormalities of thalamocortical and intrathalamic functional connectivity (FC) in children with primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) during light non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep using a simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG)-functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) method. METHOD Polysomnographic and EEG-fMRI data were obtained during sleep from 61 children with PNE (age 10.2 ± 1.7 years, 59% boys) and 61 age-matched controls (age 10.1 ± 1.4 years, 54% boys). All subjects first participated in one overnight video-polysomnographic study. Total sleep time, percentage of total sleep time in each sleep stage, arousal index, and awakening index were calculated. Simultaneous EEG-fMRI studies were then performed using a 3T MRI system with a 32-channel MRI-compatible EEG system. Visual scoring of EEG data permitted sleep staging. Thalamocortical and intrathalamic FCs in the waking state and at different stages of light sleep were calculated and compared. RESULTS Children with PNE had a higher percentage of total sleep time in light sleep and a higher arousal index compared with controls. Abnormal thalamocortical FCs were detected in the lateral prefrontal cortex, medial prefrontal cortex, and inferior parietal lobule during light NREM sleep. Abnormal intrathalamic FCs were also detected during light NREM sleep among the motor, occipital, prefrontal, and temporal subdivisions of the thalamus. CONCLUSION Abnormal prefrontal and parietal thalamocortical FCs, accompanied by abnormal intrathalamic FCs among the motor, occipital, prefrontal, and temporal subdivision of thalamus during light NREM sleep, may be related to abnormal sleep and enuresis in children with PNE.

中文翻译：

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原发性夜间遗尿症患儿轻度非快速眼动睡眠期间丘脑功能连接异常。

目的采用同步脑电图（EEG）-功能磁共振成像（fMRI）方法研究轻度非快速眼动（NREM）睡眠期间原发性夜间遗尿（PNE）儿童的丘脑皮质和丘脑功能连接（FC）异常。方法从61名PNE患儿（10.2±1.7岁，男生59％）和61名年龄相匹配的对照组（10.1±1.4岁，男生54％）睡眠期间获得多导睡眠图和EEG-fMRI数据。所有受试者首先参加了一项通宵的视频多导睡眠图研究。计算总睡眠时间，每个睡眠阶段占总睡眠时间的百分比，唤醒指数和觉醒指数。然后，使用带有32通道MRI兼容EEG系统的3T MRI系统同时进行EEG-fMRI研究。EEG数据的视觉评分允许进入睡眠阶段。计算并比较了处于清醒状态和轻度睡眠不同阶段的丘脑皮质和丘脑内FC。结果与对照组相比，PNE儿童在轻度睡眠中的总睡眠时间百分比更高，而唤醒指数更高。在轻度NREM睡眠期间，在外侧前额叶皮层，内侧前额叶皮层和顶下小叶中检测到异常的丘脑皮质FC。在轻度NREM睡眠期间，在丘脑的运动，枕叶，额叶和颞部细分中也检测到了异常的丘脑内FC。结论轻度NREM睡眠期间丘脑的运动，枕叶，额叶和颞叶细分中异常的额叶丘脑前皮质和顶叶丘脑FC异常，并伴有丘脑内FC异常，