Over the past decade, we have seen rapid advances in applying nanotechnology in biomedical areas including bioimaging, biodetection, and drug delivery. As an emerging field, DNA nanotechnology offers simple yet powerful design techniques for self-assembly of nanostructures with unique advantages and high potential in enhancing drug targeting and reducing drug toxicity. Various sequence programming and optimization approaches have been developed to design DNA nanostructures with precisely engineered, controllable size, shape, surface chemistry, and function. Potent anticancer drug molecules, including Doxorubicin and CpG oligonucleotides, have been successfully loaded on DNA nanostructures to increase their cell uptake efficiency. These advances have implicated the bright future of DNA nanotechnology-enabled nanomedicine. In this review, we begin with the origin of DNA nanotechnology, followed by summarizing state-of-the-art strategies for the construction of DNA nanostructures and drug payloads delivered by DNA nanovehicles. Further, we discuss the cellular fates of DNA nanostructures as well as challenges and opportunities for DNA nanostructure-based drug delivery.

中文翻译：

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支持DNA纳米技术的药物输送系统。

在过去的十年中，我们看到了在生物医学领域中应用纳米技术的快速进步，包括生物成像，生物检测和药物输送。作为一个新兴领域，DNA纳米技术为纳米结构的自组装提供了简单而强大的设计技术，具有独特的优势，并且在增强药物靶向性和降低药物毒性方面具有很高的潜力。已经开发了各种序列编程和优化方法来设计具有精确设计，可控制的大小，形状，表面化学和功能的DNA纳米结构。强大的抗癌药物分子，包括阿霉素和CpG寡核苷酸，已成功装载到DNA纳米结构上，以提高其细胞吸收效率。这些进展暗示了DNA纳米技术支持的纳米医学的光明前景。在这篇评论中，我们首先从DNA纳米技术的起源入手，然后总结用于构建DNA纳米结构和DNA纳米载体传递的药物有效载荷的最新技术。此外，我们讨论了DNA纳米结构的细胞命运以及基于DNA纳米结构的药物递送的挑战和机遇。