Increasing evidence from neuroimaging studies points towards a hippocampal role in resolving approach‐avoidance goal conflicts. Furthermore, previous neuroimaging findings suggest that the hippocampus (HC) contributes to successful conflict resolution as it is measured, for example, in a Stroop paradigm. However, it is still an open question whether the hippocampus is indeed causally relevant for resolving cognitive conflicts. Here, we investigated whether conflict resolution performance is affected by hippocampal pathology. N = 30 patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE), almost exclusively showing MRI signs of hippocampal sclerosis, and an equal number of age‐matched healthy controls performed an auditory Stroop paradigm. Participants listened to the words ‘high’ and ‘low’, spoken in either a high or a low pitch. Subjects’ response time and accuracy to the phonetic information in the presence of incongruent (conflict trials) or congruent (non‐conflict trials) semantic information were assessed. In addition, patients’ regional grey matter (GM) brain volumes were analysed. We observed an increased effect of conflict on accuracy in patients with MTLE compared to healthy controls. This effect was negatively correlated with right HC volume. The results suggest that the impairment in the resolution of a response conflict is related to hippocampal structural integrity and thus add further support to the notion that the HC is not only involved but even causally relevant for successful cognitive conflict processing.

中文翻译：

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内侧颞叶癫痫反应冲突的处理受损。

神经影像学研究的越来越多的证据表明海马在解决方法避免目标冲突中的作用。此外，以前的神经影像学发现表明，海马（HC）有助于成功解决冲突，例如在Stroop范式中进行测量。然而，海马是否确实与解决认知冲突有因果关系仍是一个悬而未决的问题。在这里，我们调查了冲突解决性能是否受到海马病理学的影响。ñ = 30例中颞叶癫痫（MTLE）患者，几乎完全显示出海马硬化的MRI征象，并且有相同年龄匹配的健康对照者进行了听觉Stroop范例研究。与会者听着“高”和“低”的声音，要么高音要么低音。在存在不一致（冲突试验）或一致（非冲突试验）语义信息的情况下，评估了受试者对语音信息的响应时间和准确性。此外，还分析了患者的区域灰质（GM）脑容量。我们观察到与健康对照相比，冲突对MTLE患者准确性的影响增加。该效果与正确的HC量负相关。