Rapid and efficient isolation of bacteria from complex biological matrices is necessary for effective pathogen identification in emerging single-cell diagnostics. Here, we demonstrate the isolation of intact and viable bacteria from whole blood through the selective lysis of blood cells during flow through a porous silica monolith. Efficient mechanical hemolysis is achieved while providing passage of intact and viable bacteria through the monoliths, allowing size-based isolation of bacteria to be performed following selective lysis. A process for synthesizing large quantities of discrete capillary-bound monolith elements and millimeter-scale monolith bricks is described, together with the seamless integration of individual monoliths into microfluidic chips. The impact of monolith morphology, geometry, and flow conditions on cell lysis is explored, and flow regimes are identified wherein robust selective blood cell lysis and intact bacteria passage are achieved for multiple gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. The technique is shown to enable rapid sample preparation and bacteria analysis by single-cell Raman spectrometry. The selective lysis technique presents a unique sample preparation step supporting rapid and culture-free analysis of bacteria for the point of care.

在新兴的单细胞诊断中，从复杂的生物基质中快速有效地分离细菌对于有效识别病原体是必要的。在这里，我们展示了通过在流过多孔二氧化硅整料的过程中选择性裂解血细胞，从全血中分离出完整和有活力的细菌。实现有效的机械溶血，同时提供完整和活细菌通过整料的通道，允许在选择性裂解后进行基于大小的细菌分离。描述了合成大量离散毛细管结合整体元件和毫米级整体砖的过程，以及单个整体与微流控芯片的无缝集成。探索了整体形态、几何形状和流动条件对细胞裂解的影响，确定了多种革兰氏阴性和革兰氏阳性细菌的稳健选择性血细胞裂解和完整细菌通道。该技术被证明可以通过单细胞拉曼光谱进行快速样品制备和细菌分析。选择性裂解技术提供了独特的样品制备步骤，支持在护理点对细菌进行快速且无需培养的分析。