Motivated by the investigation of Brownian motors in excited granular materials that convert chaotic motion of granules into oriented motion of motors, we performed experimental studies to explore the horizontal flow in a vertically vibrated granular layer in an asymmetric periodic potential. The horizontal flow exhibits complex behaviors, considered as functions of time, space, and driving parameters, which are essentially caused by a thermal ratchet. We interpret our experimental findings in terms of the granular layer gaining, transferring and losing horizontal momentum through inelastic collisions.

中文翻译：

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垂直振动的颗粒层中的水平流

出于对布朗电机进行研究的动机，该电机在将颗粒的混沌运动转换为电机定向运动的受激颗粒材料中进行了实验研究，以不对称的周期性电势探索垂直振动的颗粒层中的水平流动。水平流表现出复杂的行为，被认为是时间，空间和驱动参数的函数，这主要是由热棘轮引起的。我们通过非弹性碰撞通过颗粒层获得，传递和损失水平动量来解释我们的实验结果。