The resolution of conventional optical elements and systems has long been perceived to satisfy the classic Rayleigh criterion. Paramount efforts have been made to develop different types of superresolution techniques to achieve optical resolution down to several nanometres, such as by using evanescent waves, fluorescence labelling, and postprocessing. Superresolution imaging techniques, which are noncontact, far field and label free, are highly desirable but challenging to implement. The concept of superoscillation offers an alternative route to optical superresolution and enables the engineering of focal spots and point-spread functions of arbitrarily small size without theoretical limitations. This paper reviews recent developments in optical superoscillation technologies, design approaches, methods of characterizing superoscillatory optical fields, and applications in noncontact, far-field and label-free superresolution microscopy. This work may promote the wider adoption and application of optical superresolution across different wave types and application domains.

长期以来，人们一直认为常规光学元件和系统的分辨率可以满足经典的瑞利标准。已经做出了最大的努力来开发不同类型的超分辨率技术，以实现低至几纳米的光学分辨率，例如通过使用e逝波，荧光标记和后处理。非接触，远场和无标签的超分辨率成像技术是非常需要的，但是实现起来却具有挑战性。超级振荡的概念为光学超分辨率提供了另一种途径，使工程设计的焦点和任意小尺寸的点扩展功能不受理论限制。本文回顾了光学超振荡技术，设计方法，表征超振荡光学场的方法，以及在非接触，远场和无标记超分辨显微镜中的应用。这项工作可能会促进光学超分辨率在不同波类型和应用领域中的广泛采用和应用。