The rapid development of printed and microscale electronics imminently requires compatible micro-batteries (MBs) with high performance, applicable scalability, and exceptional safety, but faces great challenges from the ever-reported stacked geometry. Herein the first printed planar prototype of aqueous-based, high-safety Zn//MnO₂ MBs, with outstanding performance, aesthetic diversity, flexibility and modularization, is demonstrated, based on interdigital patterns of Zn ink as anode and MnO₂ ink as cathode, with high-conducting graphene ink as a metal-free current collector, fabricated by an industrially scalable screen-printing technique. The planar separator-free Zn//MnO₂ MBs, tested in neutral aqueous electrolyte, deliver a high volumetric capacity of 19.3 mAh/cm³ (corresponding to 393 mAh/g) at 7.5 mA/cm³, and notable volumetric energy density of 17.3 mWh/cm³, outperforming lithium thin-film batteries (≤10 mWh/cm³). Furthermore, our Zn//MnO₂ MBs present long-term cyclability having a high capacity retention of 83.9% after 1300 cycles at 5 C, which is superior to stacked Zn//MnO₂ batteries previously reported. Also, Zn//MnO₂ planar MBs exhibit exceptional flexibility without observable capacity decay under serious deformation, and remarkably serial and parallel integration of constructing bipolar cells with high voltage and capacity output. Therefore, low-cost, environmentally benign Zn//MnO₂ MBs with in-plane geometry possess huge potential as high-energy, safe, scalable and flexible microscale power sources for direction integration with printed electronics.

中文翻译：

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可扩展制造具有高体积能量密度和卓越安全性的印刷 Zn//MnO2 平面微电池


印刷和微型电子产品的快速发展迫切需要具有高性能、适用的可扩展性和卓越安全性的兼容微型电池（MB），但面临着不断报道的堆叠几何形状的巨大挑战。本文展示了第一个水基、高安全性 Zn//MnO ₂ MB 的印刷平面原型，具有出色的性能、美观多样性、灵活性和模块化，基于 Zn 墨水作为阳极和 MnO ₂墨水作为阴极的叉指图案，采用高导电石墨烯墨水作为无金属集电器，通过工业可扩展的丝网印刷技术制造。平面无隔膜 Zn//MnO ₂ MB 在中性水性电解质中进行测试，在 7.5 mA/cm ³电流下具有 19.3 mAh/cm ³ （相当于 393 mAh/g）的高体积容量，以及显着的体积能量密度17.3 mWh/cm ³ ，优于锂薄膜电池（≤10 mWh/cm ³ ）。此外，我们的Zn//MnO ₂ MBs具有长期循环性能，在5 C下循环1300次后容量保持率为83.9%，优于之前报道的堆叠式Zn//MnO ₂电池。此外，Zn//MnO ₂平面MB表现出卓越的柔韧性，在严重变形下没有可观察到的容量衰减，并且在构建具有高电压和容量输出的双极电池时具有显着的串联和并联集成。因此，具有面内几何形状的低成本、环境友好的Zn//MnO ₂ MB具有作为高能、安全、可扩展和灵活的微型电源的巨大潜力，可用于与印刷电子的直接集成。