Human emotional behavior varies across cultures. Smiling at a passing stranger on the street may seem perfectly normal in one culture and profoundly strange or even suspicious in another. What are the origins of cultural differences in emotional expression, communication, and regulation? We review new evidence in favor of one answer to this question. A socioecological factor, historical heterogeneity-defined as the ancestral diversity of the world's regions based on human migration patterns over centuries-accounts for important cultural variations in emotional experience and expression. We summarize findings from studies of large global samples that link the migratory history of a country's population with present-day cultural differences in how overtly and clearly emotions are expressed to others, in the frequency and meaning of smiles, and in associated character traits. New research also extends the analysis to the historical heterogeneity of the United States, and country-level findings are replicated at the level of the states. We suggest that enduring emotional behaviors and traits evolve from the opportunities and challenges posed by the commingling of people of diverse ancestries. We conclude by highlighting the questions and challenges for future research stemming from this approach.

中文翻译：

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历史迁移模式塑造了当代情感文化。

人类的情感行为因文化而异。在大街上对路过的陌生人微笑对您来说，在一种文化中看起来很正常，而在另一种文化中则极为陌生，甚至可疑。情感表达，沟通和调节中文化差异的起源是什么？我们审查了新的证据以支持对此问题的一个答案。一种社会生态因素，历史异质性，定义为基于多个世纪以来人类迁徙模式的世界各地区的祖先多样性，这说明了情感体验和表达的重要文化差异。我们总结了对全球样本的研究结果，这些研究将一国人口的迁徙历史与当今的文化差异联系在一起，这些差异包括在向他人公开表达情感的方式，笑容的频率和含义，以及相关的性格特征。新的研究还将分析扩展到美国的历史异质性，并且在国家层面复制了国家层面的发现。我们建议，持久的情感行为和特质是由不同血统的人们混合在一起所带来的机遇和挑战发展而来的。最后，我们重点介绍了这种方法所带来的问题和未来研究的挑战。