Agrobacterium rhizogenes, along with A. tumefaciens, has been used to affect genetic transformation in plants for many years. Detailed studies conducted in the past have uncovered the basic mechanism of foreign gene transfer and the implication of Ri/Ti plasmids in this process. A number of reviews exist describing the usage of binary vectors with A. tumefaciens, but no comprehensive account of the numerous binary vectors employed with A. rhizogenes and their successful applications has been published till date. In this review, we recollect a brief history of development of Ri-plasmid/Ri-T-DNA based binary vectors systems and their successful implementation with A. rhizogenes for different applications. The modification of native Ri plasmid to introduce foreign genes followed by development of binary vector using Ri plasmid and how it facilitated rapid and feasible genetic manipulation, earlier impossible with native Ri plasmid, have been discussed. An important milestone was the development of inducible plant expressing promoter systems which made expression of toxic genes in plant systems possible. The successful application of binary vectors in conjunction with A. rhizogenes in gene silencing and genome editing studies which are relatively newer developments, demonstrating the amenability and adaptability of hairy roots systems to make possible studying previously intractable research areas have been summarized in the present review.

发根农杆菌，连同根癌农杆菌，已被用来影响植物遗传转化多年。过去进行的详细研究揭示了外源基因转移的基本机制以及Ri / Ti质粒在此过程中的意义。已有许多评论描述了根癌农杆菌使用二元载体的方法，但是迄今为止，尚未有关于发根农杆菌所使用的多种二元载体及其成功应用的全面综述。在这篇综述中，我们回顾了基于Ri-质粒/ Ri-T-DNA的二元载体系统的发展及其在发根农杆菌中的成功实施的简要历史。针对不同的应用。讨论了将天然Ri质粒修饰为引入外源基因，然后使用Ri质粒开发二元载体的方法，以及如何促进快速和可行的遗传操作，这是天然Ri质粒以前无法实现的。一个重要的里程碑是诱导型植物表达启动子系统的开发，该系统使有毒基因在植物系统中的表达成为可能。本综述总结了二元载体与发根农杆菌在基因沉默和基因组编辑研究中的较新发展的成功应用，这些研究相对较新，证明了毛状根系统的适应性和适应性使以前难于研究的领域的研究成为可能。