Medical robotics is poised to transform all aspects of medicine-from surgical intervention to targeted therapy, rehabilitation, and hospital automation. A key area is the development of robots for minimally invasive interventions. This review provides a detailed analysis of the evolution of interventional robots and discusses how the integration of imaging, sensing, and robotics can influence the patient care pathway toward precision intervention and patient-specific treatment. It outlines how closer coupling of perception, decision, and action can lead to enhanced dexterity, greater precision, and reduced invasiveness. It provides a critical analysis of some of the key interventional robot platforms developed over the years and their relative merit and intrinsic limitations. The review also presents a future outlook for robotic interventions and emerging trends in making them easier to use, lightweight, ergonomic, and intelligent, and thus smarter, safer, and more accessible for clinical use.

中文翻译：

---

医疗机器人技术的前沿：从概念到系统再到临床翻译。

医疗机器人技术已准备好将医学的各个方面都改变，从外科手术到有针对性的治疗，康复和医院自动化。一个关键领域是开发用于微创干预的机器人。本文对介入式机器人的发展进行了详细的分析，并讨论了成像，传感和机器人技术的集成如何影响朝向精密干预和针对患者的治疗的患者护理途径。它概述了感知，决策和动作之间更紧密的耦合如何可以提高灵活性，提高准确性并减少侵入性。它对多年来开发的一些关键介入式机器人平台及其相对优点和内在局限性进行了严格的分析。