Surface-grafting polymer brushes (SPB), which are used in a versatile technique to easily realize surface modifications, can be commonly used to change the inherent surface physical/chemical properties of materials. In particular, producing functional polymer brushes with well-defined chemical configurations, densities, architectures, and thicknesses on a material surface has become increasingly important in many fields. Achieving such goals is highly dependent on the progress of novel surface-grafting strategies, which are commonly based on surface-initiated polymerization (SIP) methods. On the other hand, practical applications have been given more attention since the SPB technique enables the engineering of materials with diverse functions. This review reports some new grafting strategies for generating polymer brush layers and then systematically summarizes research advances in the application of polymer brush-modified materials in multiple fields. Correspondingly, some necessary challenges of the SPB technique are unreservedly pointed out, with consideration given to its real applications in the future. The aim of this article is to tell readers how to engineer functional materials through SPB techniques and what can be done with polymer brushes in the future.

表面接枝聚合物刷（SPB）用于多种技术中，可轻松实现表面改性，通常可用于更改材料的固有表面物理/化学特性。特别地，在许多领域中，在材料表面上生产具有明确定义的化学构型，密度，结构和厚度的功能性聚合物刷变得越来越重要。实现这些目标高度依赖于新型表面接枝策略的进展，该策略通常基于表面引发的聚合（SIP）方法。另一方面，由于SPB技术可实现具有多种功能的材料的工程设计，因此实际应用受到了更多关注。这篇综述报告了一些用于生成聚合物刷层的新接枝策略，然后系统地总结了聚合物刷改性材料在多个领域中的应用研究进展。相应地，毫无保留地指出了SPB技术的一些必要挑战，并考虑了其未来的实际应用。本文的目的是告诉读者如何通过SPB技术设计功能材料以及将来可以使用聚合物刷完成的工作。