Only a few thyroid nodules are perceived as functional or optically disturbing. If there is a need for action, surgical intervention is the long-term standard by which thermoablative procedures (radiofrequency-, laser-, microwave ablation, high intensity focused ultrasound) must be measured against in terms of safety, effectiveness and patient satisfaction. Prior to intervention assessment of the dignity of the nodule by ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration is essential for cold and warm nodules, as is the confirmation of an inconspicuous cervical lymph node status. The short-term treatment results of these newer interventions in terms of nodule volume reduction and symptomatic improvement are promising and the general complication rate of the procedures is low. Since functional thyroid parenchyma is preserved, maintaining normal thyroid status is the rule. The procedure is usually performed on an outpatient basis, under local anesthesia and monitoring. The subsequent convalescence is usually very short. Most studies are available on monopolar radiofrequency ablation. Several professional societies have defined indications for radiofrequency ablation (RFA), but these need to be further refined based on practical experience and literature. An acceptable long-term recurrence rate still has to be proven for practically all thermoablative methods, for monopolar RFA limited long-term data are encouraging so far. The recurrence rate as well as patient satisfaction will provide the basis for a meaningful overall cost-benefit analysis in the future.

中文翻译：

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单极和双极射频消融在治疗甲状腺良性结节中的价值。

仅少数甲状腺结节被认为是功能性的或视觉干扰的。如果需要采取行动，则外科手术是长期标准，根据该标准，必须从安全性，有效性和患者满意度方面衡量热消融手术（射频，激光，微波消融，高强度聚焦超声）。在进行超声引导的细针抽吸术对结节的尊严进行干预评估之前，对于寒冷和温暖的结节至关重要，对颈淋巴结状态不明显的确认也是如此。这些新的干预措施在结节量减少和症状改善方面的短期治疗结果是有希望的，并且该手术的一般并发症发生率较低。由于功能性甲状腺实质得以保留，保持甲状腺正常状态是规则。该程序通常在局部麻醉和监测下在门诊进行。随后的恢复通常很短。大多数研究可用于单极射频消融。几个专业协会已经定义了射频消融（RFA）的适应症，但是需要根据实际经验和文献进一步完善这些适应症。对于几乎所有的热消融方法，仍必须证明可接受的长期复发率，因为迄今为止单极RFA有限的长期数据令人鼓舞。复发率和患者满意度将为将来进行有意义的总体成本效益分析提供基础。随后的恢复通常很短。大多数研究可用于单极射频消融。几个专业协会已经定义了射频消融（RFA）的适应症，但是需要根据实际经验和文献进一步完善这些适应症。对于几乎所有的热消融方法，仍必须证明可接受的长期复发率，因为迄今为止单极RFA有限的长期数据令人鼓舞。复发率和患者满意度将为将来进行有意义的总体成本效益分析提供基础。随后的恢复通常很短。大多数研究可用于单极射频消融。几个专业协会已经定义了射频消融（RFA）的适应症，但是需要根据实际经验和文献进一步完善这些适应症。对于几乎所有的热消融方法，仍必须证明可接受的长期复发率，因为迄今为止单极RFA有限的长期数据令人鼓舞。复发率和患者满意度将为将来进行有意义的总体成本效益分析提供基础。但是这些需要根据实际经验和文献进一步完善。对于几乎所有的热烧蚀方法，仍然必须证明可接受的长期复发率，因为迄今为止单极RFA有限的长期数据令人鼓舞。复发率和患者满意度将为将来进行有意义的总体成本效益分析提供基础。但是这些需要根据实际经验和文献进一步完善。对于几乎所有的热消融方法，仍必须证明可接受的长期复发率，因为迄今为止单极RFA有限的长期数据令人鼓舞。复发率和患者满意度将为将来进行有意义的总体成本效益分析提供基础。