Tight regulation of gene expression is orchestrated by enhancers. Through recent research advancements, it is becoming clear that enhancers are not solely distal regulatory elements harboring transcription factor binding sites and decorated with specific histone marks, but they rather display signatures of active transcription, showing distinct degrees of transcription unit organization. Thereby, a substantial fraction of enhancers give rise to different species of non-coding RNA transcripts with an unprecedented range of potential functions. In this review, we bring together data from recent studies indicating that non-coding RNA transcription from active enhancers, as well as enhancer-produced long non-coding RNA transcripts, may modulate or define the functional regulatory potential of the cognate enhancer. In addition, we summarize supporting evidence that RNA processing of the enhancer-associated long non-coding RNA transcripts may constitute an additional layer of regulation of enhancer activity, which contributes to the control and final outcome of enhancer-targeted gene expression.

中文翻译：

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非编码RNA加工对增强子活性和靶基因表达的功能影响。

基因表达的严格调节是由增强子精心安排的。通过最近的研究进展，很明显，增强子不仅是具有转录因子结合位点并饰有特定组蛋白标记的远端调控元件，而且它们还显示出活性转录的特征，显示出不同程度的转录单位组织。因此，相当大一部分的增强子产生了具有空前范围的潜在功能的不同种类的非编码RNA转录物。在这篇综述中，我们汇集了来自最近研究的数据，这些数据表明，来自活性增强子的非编码RNA转录以及增强子产生的长的非编码RNA转录本，可能会调节或定义同源增强子的功能调控潜能。此外，